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证券市场监管者和中小投资者博弈分析

2012-07-13郝旭光郑丽娟陈继蒋陈颖

财经理论与实践 2012年5期

郝旭光 郑丽娟 陈继蒋 陈颖

摘要:证券市场是各个参与者的博弈战场,各参与方实现为了自身效用最大化,必然会思考其他利益相关者的策略来制定自己的最优策略。由于我国证券市场发展尚未成熟,同时因为我国的特殊经济模式,监管在维护证券市场稳定发展方面起了很重要的作用。但是,由于我国监管体系的不完善,信息的不透明和不对称性会产生投机行为,中小投资者往往就成为股市博弈的牺牲品。因此,本文将通过对市场过热和市场低迷两种情况下,监管者颁布政策和中小投资者投资行为之间的博弈过程进行分析,以求规范股市投机行为,维护各方利益均衡,达到市场稳定发展。本文的分析表明监管者和中小投资者的均衡策略主要取决于其得到的效用和付出的成本,在不同的临界值下存在不同的均衡结果。最后针对本文的结论和我国的实际情况,提出了相应的建议。

关键词:证券市场,监管者,中小投资者,博弈均衡

Game Theoretic Analysis on Government and Small Investors in Securities Market

(HAO Xuguang, ZHENG Lijuan, University of International Business and Economics; Chen Jijiang,Lanzhou University; CHEN Ying, SocieteGenerale)

Abstract: The securities market is a battlefield for various participants playing games. All of them consider other stakeholders strategy to develop their own optimal strategy when they want to maximize their utility. And, because of the immature development of the securities market and the unique economic model, in China theregulations play an important role. However, due to the imperfections of the regulatory system, information asymmetry, it will produce speculation, and small investors always have to pay. Therefore, we make a game process analysis between regulators and small investors on two market cases———overheated and downturn, in order to regulate the securities market speculation and achieve a stable development of the securities market. Our results shows that the optimal strategy of both government and small investors are all depend on its effectiveness and costs, it will cause different equilibrium outcome under different critical value. Finally, this paper puts forward some strong proposals to improve the development of our securities market.

Keywords: securities market, regulators , small investors, game equilibrium

一、 问题的提出

证券市场是国民经济的晴雨表,改革开放以来,我国证券市场也开始不断的探索和完善。由于我国经济结构的特殊性,所以证券市场的稳定和发展是与政府的行为息息相关的。回顾证券市场的发展,从2005年到现在,股市经历了从牛市到2008年大跌进入熊市,到现在动荡的复苏状态。股市的反复波动揭露了我国证券市场的不成熟,从宏观方面来看,监管体系不完善,存在很多的漏洞,从微观角度来看,机构投资者利用信息不对称和资金优势,导致过度的投机行为,中小投资者由于获得的信息不全面以及资金实力和自身的专业能力方面的原因,往往成为股市投机博弈行为的牺牲品。……

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