王正品

摘要：混凝土大坝普遍存在缺陷问题,如混凝土开裂、冲蚀、剥落等,对于水面以上的缺陷,可以有多种处理材料与工艺,但对于水下部位的缺陷,受修补材料、设备及工艺的限制,长期以来一直得不到有效的解决。曾有一些工程采用传统方法进行过处理,但效果均不太好、寿命也不长。本文针对水下混凝土结构易产生的损伤及老化，介绍了裂缝防渗修补、冲坑和淘洞修补等几种修补加固技术及其水下施工方法和材料。这些修补技术在实际运用中均收到了良好的效果，保证了结构的可靠性。

关键词：防渗；修补；加固

Abstract: the concrete dam universal existence defects, such as concrete crack, erosion, pineapple, for over the water of the defect, can have a variety of material handling and the craft, but for underwater parts of the defect, the repair materials, equipment and process the limit, has long been without effective solution. Had some project to adopt the traditional method with, but the results were not so good, life is not long. This article in view of the underwater concrete structure easy generation damage and aging, introduces the anti-seepage repair cracks, scouring pit and tao hole to wait for a few kinds repair reinforcement repair technology and underwater construction method and material. These repair technology in actual use are received good results to ensure the reliability of the structure.

Keywords: seepage control; Mended; reinforcement

中图分类号：TU37文献标识码：A 文章编号：

0引 言

随着运行时间的增长，大坝水下结构受到水流长时间冲刷和侵蚀，越来越容易产生缺陷和老化，并且难于观测和及时维护，水工结构的整体安全性也随之降低，以致不满足要求。因此必须针对水下结构损伤的性质和程度，采取适当的修补措施，恢复结构的整体性，提高结构物的稳定性和耐久性，所采用的处理措施也应具有施工方便、成本低、工期短等特点。

1水下混凝土结构病害分类

水下混凝土结构物损伤的主要表现形式有两种：一是由于各种作用引起的强度破坏，二是由于各种作用造成的裂缝或抗渗能力不足引起的渗漏。从现象上来看，主要可归纳为裂缝、渗漏和剥蚀三种形式。

1．1裂缝

裂缝是混凝土建筑物最普遍的病害之一，它的形成往往是多种因素联合作用的结果。……