黄伟

摘要：电力系统中最关键的设备包括电力变压器。电力变压器的任务是电压变换，分配和传输电能，为人们提供电力服务。电力系统安全、可靠、优质、经济运行，需要变压器的正常运行，有效地防止变压器故障的出现，减少变压器事故的发生率。变压器在长期运行中，如遇到自然灾影响，或者在外力的破坏下，不可能不出现一点儿故障和事故。安装、检修、维护中存在事故隐患，在制造过程中遗留下设备缺陷等。电力变压器发生故障的主要因素，主要是，长期运行后造成的绝缘老化、材质劣化及预期寿命的影响。主观上的原因是，工作人员业务技术素质差，出现违章作业等将事故扩大化，给电力系统的安全运行带来严重影响。变压器的安全运行管理工作是我们日常工作的重点，通过对变压器的异常运行情况、常见故障分析的经验总结，将有利于及时、准确判断故障原因、性质，及时采取有效措施，确保设备的安全运行。

关键词：电力；变压器；故障；分析；诊断

Abstract: Electric power system is the most critical equipment including power transformer. The task of power transformer is voltage transform, distribution and power transmission, providing people with power service. The safeties of the electricity system, reliable and high quality, economic operation, need the normal operation of the transformer, effectively prevent the appearance of transformer faults; reduce the incidence of accident transformer. Transformer in the long term operation, such as the natural disaster influence, or in the destruction of the external force, not a little may not have fault and accidents. Installation and maintenance, the maintenance existing in the hidden danger of accident, in the manufacturing process of legacy equipment flaws. Power transformer the failure of the main factors, is, after long term operation caused by aging, material degradation and insulation life expectancy effect. The reason is subjective, staff business technology quality is poor, appear against the rule will be accident; failure to power system security brings the serious influence. The safe operation of the transformer management work is the focus of our daily work, through the operation of transformer, common anomalies of fault analysis experience, will be good for timely, accurately judge fault reason, nature, to take effective measures to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

Key Words: electric power; transformer; fault; analysis; diagnosis

中图分类号：TM4 文献标识码：A文章编号：

正文：变压器根据运行维护管理规定，是重要的电器设备，其运行情况必须定期进行检查，做到及时了解和掌握，出现问题就要及时采取有效措施，为保障变压器的安全运行，将故障解决在问题发现之时。笔者在从事电力工作的多年实践工作中，对于对变压器的运行、维护管理，积累了一些经验，现将电力变压器异常运行故障分析与常见故障诊断，进行简要论述。……