丁爽，郑平，唐崇俭，张吉强，胡安辉

浙江大学环境工程系，杭州 310058

三种接种物启动Anammox-EGSB反应器的性能

丁爽，郑平，唐崇俭，张吉强，胡安辉

浙江大学环境工程系，杭州 310058

为了优选接种物和加速厌氧氨氧化 (Anammox) 反应器启动，分别以厌氧产甲烷污泥 (Anaerobic methanogenic sludge，AMS)、新鲜厌氧氨氧化污泥 (Fresh Anammox sludge，FAS) 和储藏厌氧氨氧化污泥 (Stored Anammox sludge，SAS)作为接种物，研究了厌氧氨氧化膨胀颗粒污泥床 (Anammox-EGSB) 反应器 (R1、R2和 R3) 的启动性能。结果表明：3种接种物均能成功启动Anammox-EGSB反应器，启动性能的优劣次序为：R2 (接种物为FAS)＞R3 (接种物为SAS)＞R1 (接种物为AMS)。三种接种物启动Anammox反应器呈现不同的过程特性。R1的启动过程分为菌体水解期 (15 d)、活性迟滞期 (54 d) 和活性提高期 (40 d)；R2的启动过程分为活性迟滞期 (2 d) 和活性提高期 (15 d)；R3的启动过程分为活性迟滞期 (12 d) 和活性提高期 (57 d)。将Anammox污泥潜浴于Anammox反应器出水中，是长期储藏Anammox污泥的有效方法；反应器内氨氮去除率、反硝化作用比例和三氮比例均可作为Anammox反应器启动进程的指示参数。

厌氧氨氧化，接种污泥，启动性能

Abstract:In order to select better seeding sludge and promote start-up of Anammox reactors, we studied the start-up performances of three Anammox-EGSB bioreactors inoculated with anaerobic methanogenic sludge (AMS) (R1), Fresh Anammox sludge (FAS) (R2) and stored Anammox sludge (SAS) (R3), respectively. Results showed that these three seeding sludges could start up Anammox-EGSB bioreactors successfully, but the start-up progresses showed different characteristics. The start-up course of R1 could be divided into three phases including autolysis phase (15 d), lag phase (54 d) and activity elevation phase (40 d). However, the start-up courses of R2 and R3 only included lag phase (2 d and 12 d, respectively) and activity elevation phase (15 d and 57 d, respectively). Besides, the performance of R3 was better than that of R1, but worse than that of R2.Furthermore, bathing the Anammox sludge in the effluent of bioreactors was a convenient and effective way to keep the activity of the Anammox sludge. The ammonia removal efficiency, percentage of denitrification and the stoichiometric ratios ofcould serve as indicators to monitor the start-up of Anammox bioreactors.

Keywords:Anammox, seeding sludge, start-up performance

2000年实施“一控双达标”后，我国有机物污染得到有效遏制，氮素污染上升为主要环境问题。2009年中国环境状况公报显示，我国氨氮排放量达122.6万 t[1]。氮素污染所致的湖泊“水华”及近海“赤潮”频发，已危及农业、渔业、旅游业等诸多行业，并对饮水卫生和食品安全构成严重威胁。氮素污染的防治迫在眉睫，刻不容缓。

厌氧氨氧化 (Anaerobic ammonium oxidation，Anammox，反应式 1) 工艺是一种新型生物脱氮工艺[2-5]，已成功应用于消化污泥压滤液的脱氮处理，容积去除速率高达9.50 kg N/(m3·d)[5]，远高于传统硝化-反硝化工艺 [0.23~0.5 kg N/(m3·d)][6]；……