王凡,姜建国,申洁琳

摘 要：随着电子制造业中印刷电路板元器件安装普遍采用表面贴片技术，产品的集成度更高，元器件体积更小，安装密度更大，传统的检测技术在技术和速度上都不能适应新的电子检测技术。而基于机器视觉的检测技术(AOI)可以快速、准确地实现对贴片安装产品缺陷的自动检测，是提高电子制造业自动化水平和产品质量的重要技术。对AOI的技术原理进行了阐述，通过分析AOI在工艺中放置位置和最终需要实现目标及其在SMT工序中的应用，充分表明AOI在SMT工艺中的优点。

关键词：AOI； SMT； 印刷电路板; 质量

中图分类号：TN407-34

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1004-373X(2011)09-0179-04

AOI Technology and Its Application in SMT Quality Inspection

WANG Fan1,JIANG Jian-guo2,SHEN Jie-lin2

(1.The 54th Research Institute of CETC,Shijiazhuang 050081,China; 2.Computer Academy,Xidian University,Xian 710071,China)

Abstract： With wide application of surface mounted technology (SMT) in printed circuit board assembly，the electronic products have higher integration，smaller components and higher assembly density,the conventional inspection can′t fulfill the assembly automation in speed and reliability．The automated optical inspection (AOI) based on machine vision can detect the defects of SMT rapidly and accurately. The principles of AOI technology are introduced. The advantages of AOI in the SMT are proposed through an analysis on the positions which AOI should be set during the process of technology,final goals,and an example used during the working procedure of SMT.With wide application of surface mounted technology (SMT) in printed circuit board assembly，the electronic products have higher integration，smaller components and higher assembly density,the conventional inspection can′t fulfill the assembly automation in speed and reliability．The automated optical inspection (AOI) based on machine vision can detect the defects of SMT rapidly and accurately. The principles of AOI technology are introduced. The advantages of AOI in the SMT are proposed through an analysis on the positions which AOI should be set during the process of technology,final goals,and an example used during the working procedure of SMT.

Keywords： AOI； SMT； printed circuit board; quality

0 引 言

表面贴装技术(Surface Mounting Technology，SMT)是一种将无引脚或者短引脚表面组装元器件安放在印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)的表面或者其基板的表面上，通过再流焊或浸焊等方法加以焊接组装的电子组装技术［1］。作为新一代的电子组装技术，SMT使电子产品更具有轻、薄、短、小、多功能、高可靠性、低成本等一系列优点。经过多年的发展,该技术广泛应用于计算机、通信、消费电子、工业自动化等电子制造行业中，使电子产品进一步向微型化、小型化、高可靠性方向发展［2］。据调查，国外发达国家电子产品SMT使用率大约在80％～90％之间，我国目前已经达到了60％左右，而且中国的SMT产业还有进一步发展的空间。

高性能、高复杂性、高质量PCB的生产，除了应保证优良的原材料、具备先进的生产工艺、设备和先进的管理模式之外，还必须具备完备的技术质量,保证体系和先进检测设备。……