李琪

摘 要：火力发电厂锅炉一、二次风速和风量调整的依据大都采用传统的静压表测量，以间接反映其工况。由于静压值与风速之间没有一个确定的关系用来计算出风速及风量值，很难根据静压值将各燃烧器的风煤参数调整到合理值，因而采用锅炉风粉计算机在线监测系统，可实现实时监测，使锅炉达到均衡燃烧状态，使锅炉的燃烧更加稳定。由于该监测系统稳定准确，锅炉自动投入率达100%，因此能够准确判断燃烧器的负荷分配、堵管、断粉及自燃现象，可指导燃烧调整，使风粉均匀合理的配置，且有明显的节能效果和很高的实用价值。

关键词：计算机; 锅炉效率; 燃烧; 风量; 煤粉浓度

中图分类号：TN915-34

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1004-373X(2011)09-0139-02

Computer-based On-line Monitoring System of Air and Coal Powder for Power Plant Boiler

LI Qi

(Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

Abstract： The second wind speed and air volume of most boilers in thermal power plants are adjusted by means of the traditional static pressure measurement to indirectly reflect their condition. Becouse there is no certain relationship between static pressure and wind speed for calculation of the air flow value,and it is difficult to adjust the air flow and coal quantity parameters to areasonable value according to the static pressure value,a computer-based on-line monitoring system of air and coal powder for boiler is proposed to achieve the real-time monitoring,boiler combustion state equilibrium and stable combustion. The monitoring system can accurately judge the combustor′s load distribution,plugging,off-powder and spontaneous pheno-menon. It is helpful for the air and coal powder uniform rational allocation,improves significant energy efficiency and has a high practical value.

Keywords： computer; boiler efficiency; combustion status; air flow; coal-powder concentration

0 引 言

众所周知，电站锅炉燃烧过程中的一、二次风速和风量，每个燃烧器的煤粉流量及风粉之间的比例，直接影响着锅炉的燃烧工况和锅炉的燃烧效率。在运行中，电站锅炉经常会产生以下现象：飞灰可燃物高，炉膛内部结焦，燃烧器烧坏及燃烧不稳等，以上现象除了与燃烧器，炉膛结构有关外，还与各燃烧器的一、二次风量，煤粉量有着很大的关系。虽然炉膛过剩空气系数被调整在允许的范围内，但是对于某一个或多个燃烧器来讲，风量和粉量的配比都不一定在一个合理的范围内。如果某个燃烧器的煤粉流量和风量不均或比例偏离正常范围，将导致不完全燃烧或燃料不够，炉效就降低，并且会产生以上的问题；……