赵朝会

(上海电机学院电气学院,上海200240)

径向结构永磁同步发电机的比较研究

赵朝会

(上海电机学院电气学院,上海200240)

利用磁路和有限元的计算方法,探讨了4种径向结构永磁转子作为永磁同步发电机时电机性能的差别,研究了产生这些区别的原因,分析了各自漏磁的情况。指出转子采用4种不同的径向结构时,电机的电抗、电压变化率、短路电流、短路比、静态和动态稳定度、漏磁等均有变化,从外特性、电压波形正弦畸变率、运行稳定性、漏磁等方面比较了4种径向结构永磁电机的性能。

径向结构;永磁同步发电机;有限元方法;特性

Abstract：Using the computing methods of magnetic circuit and finite element,this paper discusses the different performance of four types of radial structure permanent magnet rotors serving as permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG),studies the reasons that cause these differences,analyses the magnetic flux leakage of each type,points out that reactance,voltage rate of change,short circuit current,stabilization of static state and dynamic state,and magnetic flux leakage are all different with the four types of rotors,and makes comparative study of the performance of the four types of radial structure permanent magnet generators in the aspects of external characteristics,voltage sinusoidal waveform distortion rate,running stability,magnetic flux leakage and so on.

Key words:radial structure;permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG);finite element method;characteristic

图1 常见的径向结构永磁同步发电机结构图Fig.1 The permanent magnet synchronous generator

与电励磁同步电机比较,永磁同步电机具有损耗小、效率高、结构简单、可靠性好等突出优点,在风力发电、电力驱动等领域获得了越来越广泛的应用。

永磁同步电机的定子结构与电励磁同步发电机相同,而转子则采用永磁体励磁。根据永磁体的形状和在转子上放置方式的不同,常见的径向结构永磁转子有面贴式和内置式2种。

文献[1]中围绕减小内置切向式永磁转子转轴侧的漏磁问题开展了研究,比较了辅助磁极4种放置位置时电机的气隙磁密,并对辅助磁极进行了优化;文献[2-5]中研究了切向结构极对数的选择和磁钢厚度对电机性能的影响;文献[6]中讨论了切向结构永磁同步电机辅助磁极的2种最佳位置和较为合适的极对数及磁钢厚度,继而对切向结构……