陈根花

议论文写作是近年来高考英语书面表达命题的一个热点,综观各省市的考题情况,我们发现议论文的写作主要涉及以下三种类型。为方便同学们模仿,我们将这三种类型归纳成三种模块。

模块一:正反选择型

这类题目通常是给出正反两种不同的观点,并附上相应的原因,要求考生根据所给观点进行分析,然后选择其中的一种观点——如在公交车上遇见老人是让座还是不让座,同学有困难是帮助还是不帮助,遇见歹徒是出手还是不出手,拾到钱包是交给失主还是不交给失主,等等。同学们在做这类题时,首先要对供选择的观点进行综合阐述,然后再发表自己的看法(注意你在作文中只能支持积极正面的观点,绝对不能支持消极负面的观点,其中的原因不用说大家也很清楚)。

【例题】假定你是一名高二学生,你们班组织了一次班级讨论会,讨论的是报纸上的一则新闻。报纸称,一位学生因为在路上看到歹徒抢劫奋勇而出,结果被歹徒刺伤了。同学们纷纷发言,意见不一,有的说应该见义勇为,有的说歹徒太凶狠,还是袖手旁观的好。请根据下面要点提示,结合自己的观点写一篇议论文,词数100左右。

【分析】遇见歹徒应该“见义勇为”还是“袖手旁观”?你只有一种选择,那就是见义勇为。不过,你在见义勇为的同时,也应该学会保护自己,此时可适当结合表格中“袖手旁观”的原因——因为自己的生命可能受到威胁,所以我们要善于保护自己;又因为歹徒太过凶狠或强大,所以我们要智取,最好不要强攻。

【范文】

The other day our class had a discussion about the news that a student was wounded in a fight with a robber. I admire the brave student and his bravery is worthy to be learned from by all of us. There is a famous saying goes: “Never hesitate to do what is right.” To save people who are in trouble is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation, which should be kept by all of us today. As youngsters, we should be brave in the face of difficulty or danger. Although sometimes the robbers are very fierce and cruel, we neednt be afraid of them. It is well known that justice triumphs in the end. Of course, we should make full use of our wisdom to fight with the robbers and remember to protect ourselves at the same time.

二、优劣分析型

这种类型的议论文与前面提到的“观点选择型”不同,用于比较的两个对象不是两个完全对立的方面,不能简单地说一个观点“正确”,另一个观点“错误”,因为两者很可能各有优缺点——从一个方面看,其中的一个观点有优势;从另一个方面看,另一个观点可能更有优势。比如:城市里的公园是收费好,还是不收费好?使用英语词典,是用英汉版好,还是英英版好?中学英语课应该完全用英语讲授,还是应该用英语和汉语搭配讲授?中学生是出国上大学好,还是在国内上大学好?等等。

同学们在做这类题目时,完全可以根据自己的喜好或看法,从中选择一种观点进行分析,只要能自圆其说就可以了。

【例一】随着信息技术的发展,网上聊天已经不再是一件新鲜事了。越来越多的中学生沉迷于网上聊天。请就“中学生是否应该网聊”发表自己的看法,写一篇100词左右的议论文。

【分析】网上聊天有“好”也有“不好”。“好”体现在多交朋友,更广地了解信息,快捷地传递信息等;“不好”体现在浪费时间,网上易受骗,容易接触不健康的信息等。网聊到底是“该”还是“不该”?很难一刀切!如果你更多地认同它的“好”,你就支持它;如果你更多地注意到它的“不好”,你就反对它。

【范文】

My View on Online Chatting

Chatting online is more and more popular with the development of IT.

In my opinion, senior middle school students shouldnt chat online. Time is limited and precious for students. The main task for a student is to study hard and gain more knowledge. Chatting online is a waste of money, energy and time. Worse still, some bad people cheat young students online. News from newspapers comes to us often that strangers in different cities meet in reality after having chatting online for a certain time. Students know little about society and they dont know how to protect themselves.

On the whole, chatting online has bad effects on middle school students. It is better for them to make friends in reality rather than online.

【例二】上个星期你在全校做了一项关于“中学生是否应该出国留学”的调查,调查结果如下表所示。请你根据表格信息发表自己的看法,写一篇100词左右的议论文。

【分析】根据表格内容可知,中学生出国留学有优点也有缺点——优点就是表格中支持者的观点,缺点就是表格中反对者的观点。你是应该站在支持者一边?还是应该站在反对者的一边?这对做好本题并不重要,重要的是你如何在兼顾两种观点的同时使你自己的观点自圆其说,并让人读后觉得你“说得有道理”。

【范文】

On Overseas Study

As the table shows, a majority of students and parents support overseas study. On the contrary, few students and parents are opposed to overseas study. In my opinion, students can go abroad to study as long as the students and parents have considered their own conditions before going abroad.

At first, it is true that many middle school students are not mature and they lack independence. However, a strange environment without parents accompany offers an opportunity for them to challenge themselves and learn to be independent.

In my opinion, as for high costs, wealthy families have no difficulty in affording them. As for those poor families, they neednt send their children to go abroad to study aimlessly like rich families.

三、观点阐述型

这类题目通常没有供选择的观点,而是要考生根据自己的理解进行临场发挥。在阐述自己的观点时,注意不要面面俱到,只要围绕所给主题,选择几个主要的方面阐述清楚就可以了。

【例题】你的同学李文在上次英语考试中不及格,她很难过,向你请教如何提高英语成绩。请你就如何提高英语成绩写一篇100词左右的议论文。

【分析】提高英语成绩的方法很多,作者只需根据自己的理解和对方的实际情况,在100词范围之内阐述几种主要的方法就可以了。

【范文】

How to Learn English Well

Li Wen failed in the English exam last time, so she was very sad. She came to me for help and asked me how to improve her English.

I think that the most important thing is to increase her interest in English. As we all know, interest is the best teacher for ones study. When one has great interest in English, he can learn it at his own will with a light heart.

Furthermore, she should use different ways to study English. For example, she can listen to English songs to enjoy music and learn new words at the same time. And she can also listen to the radio or watch movies to improve her listening ability.

Besides, she should do enough exercises and review what she has learned. As the famous saying goes,“Look back to the old, if you would learn the new.”

附:写议论文可能用到的常用句型归纳

1. 引言段可能用到的句型:

Nowadays more and more people... 如今越来越多的人……

...plays an important part in... ……在……方面扮演重要角色。

like everything else,...has both advantages and disadvantages. 与每样事物一样,……有优点也有缺点。

Generally, the favorable aspects / advantages can be listed as follows. 总的来说,优点如下所示。

2. 主体段可能用到的句型:

Firstly...Secondly...第一,……第二,……

In addition / Whats more...其次 / 还有

Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects / disadvantages / bad points are also apparent / obvious. 硬币有两面,缺点也是显而易见的。

To begin with 开始

To make matters worse 更糟糕的是

Worst of all 最糟糕的是

3. 结论段可能用到的句型:

Through above analysis... 通过上面的分析,……

All things / everything considered, we can see that / we can come to a conclusion that the positive aspects / advantages outweigh the negative ones / disadvantages, Therefore... 综合来看,我们总结出优点多于缺点,因此……

(编辑 周贞雄)