仲海霞

我们在做题时经常会遇到此类题目:原来的句式结构或原动词短语等被某些成份分隔,或出于语法上的需要而使其从原结构中分离出来,从而增强了试题中选项的干扰性,加大了试题的难度。碰到此类题目时,不能被表面现象所迷惑,必须从句子的整体结构去理解,看清试题的本来面目。本文拟将常见的几种分隔现象例析如下:

一、被动语态使原动词短语分隔

1. If better use is _______your spare time, youll make greater progress in playing table tennis.

A. spentB. takenC. made ofD. used for

析:此题正确答案为C。乍一看,选C似乎不可思议,认为“be made of”应是“由……制成”之意。实质上此题考查的是短语“make (better) use of”的用法,(better) use被提到句首充当条件句的主语,因此谓语动词用被动式。

2. More attention should be paid_______good habits of reading fast.

A. for formingB. to form

C. to formingD. in forming

析:不少学生误选A,认为pay常与for 连用。其实此题考查的是短语“pay attention to…”。attention成了被动句的主语,故此题选C。

二、定语从句使得原句式结构分离

3. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had_______the patient injured in the accident.

A. treatB. to treatC. treatingD. treated

析:正确答案为C。此题通过定语从句把“ have (what great ) trouble (in) doing sth.” 结构分离开,what great trouble 作为定语从句的先行词,后面省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词that / which 。

4. Thats the best way we should think of_______ the badly wounded soldier.

A. helpingB. support

C. operatingD. to save

析:此题可能很多学生会错选A,其关键就是没有搞清句子的结构和命题者的意图。此题旨在考查“think of the best way to save…”结构。通过定语从句将the best way 从原结构中分离出来,从而加大了题目的难度。正确答案应该是D。

三、复合疑问句中的分隔现象

5.—I havent heard from him for a long time.

—What do you suppose_______to him?

A. was happeningB. to happen

C. has happenedD. had happened

析:粗心者十有八九会选B。原因是不了解此结构是复合疑问句。其结构是:“疑问词+ 一般问句 + 特殊问句的其余部分”,这类问句主要用来征询对某一观点的判断,认识,看法,猜度等。在这种问句中,一般问句部分常见的动词有think, believe, suppose, guess, say, hope, imagine等。此题特殊问句中的what 移至句首,并且该句强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此用现在完成时,故选C。

6. _______would you say_______be done?

A. Why; it shouldB. Why; should it

C. What; should itD. How; that it should

析:此题不少学生错选D。实质上此题也是复合疑问句。此题中疑问词被移至句首,其余部分用陈述句的语序,故选A。

四、特殊疑问词提前使原不定式复合结构分离

7. Who did the teacher have _______an article for the newspaper just now?

A. writtenB. writingC. writeD. to write

析:解此题时首先要理清句子结构,理解have的确切含义,have在此句中意为“让,叫”。该句考查的是“have sb. do sth.”结构,have的宾语疑问词who被移至句首,故选C。

8. Whom would you rather_______the picture of you?

A. have takenB. have taking

C. have takeD. to have taken

析:此题考查两种结构的用法:1) would rather do sth.; 2) have sb. do sth.。此题意为“你宁愿让谁为你拍照?”。have 的宾语whom提到了句首,故选C。

五、同位语、介词短语等使主语和谓语分隔

9. Everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, _______ bidding for the Olympic Games.

A. supportB. were supporting

C. supportsD. are supporting

析:此题主语和谓语被同位语分隔了。同位语对主语起解释说明作用不影响主语的第三人称单数性质,故选C。

10. Miss Green, as well as Mr. and Mrs. Green_______ devoted _______spare time to the research work.

A. has; herB. have; their

C. have; herD. has; their

析:此题正确答案选A。当主语后面有as well as, with, together with, but, including, besides 等连接的名词或代词时,谓语动词须和其前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

六、插入成分、状语等使原定语从句分隔

11. There are over 1,000 students in the playground of our school, 45% _______are girls.

A. of themB. of which

C. of whomD. in them

析:此题考查的是非限制性定语从句,先行词和定语从句被地点状语隔开来,应选C。若此题改逗号为分号,则选A,因为分号表示前后两句意义上相互联系,结构上相对独立。

再如:

12. He has made another discovery, _______ of great importance to science.

A. which I think it isB. which I think is

C. I think which isD. of which I think is

析:此题正确答案是B。当定语从句在逻辑上又作宾语从句时,习惯上把关系代词置于主句 (I think) 之前。此题中定语从句which is of great importance to science 在逻辑上作I think 的宾语,因此须将which放在 I think之前。此题也可以将I think作为插入语,放在关系代词和谓语之间。

总之,不管是单选题还是完形填空和阅读题,句子结构的把握能力始终是被考查的重点。在解题时,快速把握句子结构最简单和有效的方法就是获取句子主干,而忽略插入成分,先可以跳过这部分,等从整体上把握句意之后再回头看插入部分的内容,因为句子的核心信息一般会通过句子的主干成分来传递。因此,了解了分隔情况,我们就会更好地掌握句子的结构,更好地理解句子的意义。