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新目标七年级(上)Units9—12重、难点讲解

2008-12-08罗宇祥

中学英语之友·上 2008年11期
关键词:同义原句形容词

罗宇祥

Unit 9

1.【原句】Do you want to go to a movie?

【解析】go to a movie相当于go to see a film, go to the cinema,意思为“去看电影”。

2.【原句】I want to see a comedy.

【解析】本句的意思为“我想去看喜剧片”。“看”有多种固定搭配。如:“看电视”为watch TV,“看电影”为see a film,“看书、看报”为read a book, read a newspaper,“看球赛”为watch a ball game等等。

3.【原句】Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I do./No, I dont.

Does he want to go to a movie? Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.

【解析】do和does 是助动词,用来构成疑问句和否定句,无词义。当句子的主语为第三人称单数时,要用does,其它情况用do。

4.【原句】Maria likes thrillers but she doesnt like comedies.

Guo Peng likes comedies and he likes Beijing Opera.

【解析】由and, but等并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起就成了并列句。用and表示两个简单句间是并列关系,用but表示两个简单句间是转折关系。

5.【原句】Young people usually go to movies on weekends.

【解析】weekends的英文解释为Saturday and Sunday, 汉语意思为“周末”。以后我们将会学另一个词weekdays, 它的英文解释为from Monday to Friday(周一至周五), 汉语意思为“工作日”。

6.【原句】In a word, I love China.

【解析】in a word往往用来对已述一段话进行概括或小节,汉语意思为“总而言之,总之”等。

7.【原句】I dont think its great.

【解析】I dont think its great.是I think its great.的否定句。要注意的是:同学们往往会把I think its great.的否定句误以为是I think it isnt great.这是不对的,因为把“I think+简单句”结构的句子变成否定句,要变为“I dont think+简单句”形式,在英语语法中,这叫做否定前移或叫否定转移。把否定前移的句子译成汉语时,仍要否定I think之后的简单句。因此I dont think its great.译成汉语为“我认为它不是很好”,而不能译为“我不认为它很好”。

8.【原句】Jack also likes Beijing Opera. My father likes it, too.

【解析】两句中的also, too都有“也”的意思,但两者在句中的位置有所不同。also放在句中(be动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前),而too则放在句末。

Unit 10

9.【原句】Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉他吗?

【解析】这是一个由情态动词can引导的一般疑问句。can表示能力,意为“会、能”,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,可用来构成肯定、否定、疑问,也可用于有把握的否定推测。如:

Its Sunday today. Mr. Li cant be in the office.

今天是星期天,李老师不可能在办公室。

I cant sing English songs. 我不会唱英文歌曲。

本句play是动词“演奏、弹奏”。play作“弹、奏”乐器,乐器前须加定冠词the(erhu二胡除外)。如:play the piano弹钢琴, play the violin 拉小提琴。

play与球类名词搭配时,球类前不加冠词the。如: play football踢足球。play还表示“玩、做”。如: play a game做游戏。作不及物动词“玩、耍”之意时,常跟 with连用。如: Dont play with fire.不要玩火。

句型:play sth. on+乐器,指用某乐器演奏某乐曲;play sth. for sb.=play sb. sth.为某人播放……。如:

She plays old Chinese songs on the guitar.

她用吉他演奏了古老的中文歌曲。

Let me play some pieces of music for you.=Let me play you some pieces of music. 我为你放几首音乐听听吧。

10.【原句】I want to join the art club. 我想加入艺术俱乐部。

【解析】本句中want to do sth.“想要做某事”。want 的常用句型还有want sth.“想要某物”,want sb. to do sth.“想让某人去干某事”,如:

I want some water. 我想要些水。

I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。

He wants me to help him with his English. 他想让我帮他学习英语。

本句的join表示“参加、加入”,指加入某个组织或团体,成为其成员之一,后接名词/代词。如参军、入团、入党、加入俱乐部等。join in+某活动,相当于take part in。如:

He joined the army. 他参军了。

Everyone joined in the game. 每个人都参与了游戏。

When did he join the Party? 他何时入的党?

11.【原句】What club do you want to join?你想参加什么俱乐部?

【解析】本句是“What+名词+一般疑问句”结构,这是特殊疑问句,回答时要根据实际情况来回答,不用yes/no回答。what作特殊疑问词,提问的对象很广泛,既可以问人或物的身份、名字、内容、性质和类别,也可以提问事物的目的、数量、价值等。如:

What sport do you like best?你最喜欢哪种体育运动?

What kind of food do you like?你喜欢哪种食物?

What class are you in?你在哪个班?

12.【原句】Are you good with kids? 你和孩子们相处得好吗?

【解析】本句中be good with sb.意思是“和……相处很好”,同义词组get along/on well with sb.。如:

He is good with his teacher.他和他的老师相处得很好。

He gets on well with his boss.他和他的老板相处的很好。

kid指“小孩(口语)”,相当于child,kids是复数,相当于children。如:

How are your wife and kids? 你夫人和孩子们都好吗?

13.【原句】Can you help kids with swimming?

你能帮助孩子们游泳吗?

【解析】本句help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”,with后接名词/动名词(动词-ing形式),同义句型help sb.(to) do sth.,to在此处可以省略,也可以不省略,如:

Tom often helps me learn English.=Tom often helps me with my English. 汤姆经常帮我学英语。

另外help的其他短语:with the help of/with ones help“在某人的帮助下”;cant help doing“忍不住/禁不住干……”;help oneself to随便吃/喝……。如:

With the help of the boy, she passed the exam.

在这个男孩的帮助下她通过了考试。

I cant help crying. 我忍不住哭了。

Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼吧!

14.【原句】Tom can play the guitar but he cant play it very well.

汤姆会弹吉他,但是他弹得不是很好。

【解析】本句well表示“好”,good也表示“好”,但well是副词,用来修饰动词,good是形容词,来修饰名词。well是形容词时,仅作表语“(身体)健康的,(事情)顺利的”。well的习惯用语:do well in在……做得好, get on well with sb.与某人相处的好。如:

I am very well. 我身体很好。well (adj.)

He speaks English well. 他英语说得很好。well (adv.)

good常用在be, taste, smell, sound等系动词之后。习惯用语:have a good time过得愉快,be good at擅长于,say a good word for sb.为某人说好话, be good for对……有益。如:

This cake smells good. 这蛋糕很好闻。

She is a good girl. 她是一位好女孩。

15.【原句】What can your group do in the school show?

你们小组能在学校公演中表演什么节目?

【解析】school show“学校公演”,show作名词“演出、表演、节目”。如:aflower show花展,TV show电视节目,We visited an art show this morning.今天上午我们参观了一个艺术展。

show作动词有下列用法:

①show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看。如:

She showed us her new sweater.=She showed her new sweater to us.

她把她的新毛衣给我们看。

②show sb.+疑问代词/副词+不定式。如:

Please show me how to do it. 请给我示范一下怎样做。

③show sb. around 带领某人参观。如:

He showed the students around the factory. 他领着学生参观了工厂。

④show sb. the way to…,告知某人去……的路。

16.【原句】May I know your name? 我可以知道你的名字吗?

【解析】这是询问对方姓名的特殊疑问句,May I…表达语气委婉客气,相当于May I have your name, please? Excuse me, may I know your name? Whats your name? Your name,please?等,以上所有问句的答语常用My name is…;Im…;You can call me…;也可以直接回答姓名。如:

——May I have your name, please? 请问你叫什么名字?

——Jet. 杰特。

17.【原句】Can you play the piano, the trumpet, the drums, or the guitar? 你会弹钢琴、吹喇叭、打鼓,还是会弹吉他?

【解析】本句是选择疑问句,构成形式是一般疑问句+or+备选部分,回答时一般不用Yes/No,要根据实际情况来回答。or连接两个并列成分,or前面的成分用升调,or后的用降调,若有三个或三个以上的并列成分,or连接最后两个,前面的并列成分用逗号隔开。如:

Is your friend a boy or a girl?你的朋友是一个男孩还是女孩?

Can you play football, basketball or volleyball?

你会踢足球,打篮球,还是会打排球?

Unit 11

18.【原句】What time do you usually get up?你通常几点起床?

【解析】本句是一个询问时间的特殊疑问句。①特殊疑问句的构成是“特殊疑问词/词组(what time,what,when…等)+do/does+主语+谓语动词+其它(当主语是第三人称单数时使用does,其余人称用助动词do)”,若句中有can/be/would/shall等词,就不必用助动词do/does。如:

When shall we play the game? 我们什么时间比赛?

②如果疑问词或词组在句中作主语,后面则直接跟谓语动词及其它成分。如:Who likes meat?谁喜欢吃肉?③特殊疑问句不能用Yes/No来回答,一般根据实际情况用简洁形式的答语。如:

——How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生?

——Forty.(There are forty students.)四十个学生。

19.【原句】What time does Alicia take a shower?

阿莉亚什么时候洗澡?

【解析】本句中take a shower=have a shower“淋浴、洗澡”。英语中经常用“take a+n.”表示做一个动作。如:take a walk散步,take a rest休息一下,take a look看一看,take a trip旅行,take a bath洗个澡, take a nap小睡一会儿(午觉),take a drive乘车,take a seat坐下。如:

My father always takes a walk after supper. 爸爸总是在晚饭后散步。

20.【原句】What a funny time to eat breakfast!

这个时间吃早饭多么有趣啊!

【解析】本句是由what引导的感叹句,其结构为①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。本句time是不可数名词,但time当“一段时间”讲时,前面有形容词修饰,形容词前可加冠词。如:

Have a good time!祝你玩得愉快!

What a good student he is!他是多么好的一个学生啊!

What a tall man he is!他是多么高啊!

②What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语。如:

What good news it is!多么好的消息啊!

What beautiful pictures they are!多么美丽的图画啊!

21.【原句】To get to work, he takes the number 17 bus to a hotel.

为了上班,他乘17路公交车到宾馆。

【解析】本句To get to work是动词不定式短语,在句中作目的状语,动词不定式作目的状语通常放在句子后面,如果放前面,应用逗号隔开。如:

To catch the first bus, I get up early.

为了赶上第一班车,我起了个大早。

She studied hard to pass the exam. 她刻苦学习,以便能通过考试。

22.【原句】Can you think what his job is?

你能想想他是干什么工作的吗?

【解析】本句是一个宾语从句,what his job is作think的宾语。连接代词who,which,what,whose和连接副词where,how,why可以引导宾语从句,这类宾语从句都要用陈述语序。如:

He asks where she works. 他问她在哪里工作。

I dont know what time he leaves here.

我不知道他什么时候离开这儿。

23.【原句】What time is it? 几点了?

【解析】本句是询问时刻的常用表达,相当于Whats the time? 若时间用a.m., p.m.表达,从正午12点(不包括12点)到子夜零点(包括零点)为 p.m., 从子夜零点(不包括零点)到正午12点(包括12点)为a.m.。如:Whats the time?=What time is it?几点了?注意:在上午不可说in the a.m.;a.m.和p.m.不可与oclock连用;a.m.和p.m.不可与in the morning/in the afternoon连用。如:

We have classes at 8 a.m.(用at 8:00 in the a.m.是错误的).

我们上午8点上课。

他们每天上午10点休息。

误:They have a rest at 10 oclock a.m..

正:They have a rest at 10 a.m..

正:They have a rest at 10 oclock in the morning.

24.【原句】Thanks for your letter.谢谢你的来信。

【解析】Thanks for…,相当于 Thank you for…,“因……而感谢”,for后可接名词或动名词,即Thank you for sth.=Thank you for doing sth.。如:

Thank you for your help.=Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。

本句型还可表示为Thanks a lot/very much for… 非常感谢……。如:

Thanks a lot for your invitation. 多谢你的邀请。

25.【原句】Please write soon. 请尽快回信。

【解析】此句常用于书信的结尾,提示别人尽快写回信,write后接人用write to me“给我写信”,相当于write a letter to me。write to sb.“给某人写信”=write sb. a letter=write a letter to sb.=write sb.(口语)。如:

She often writes to her teacher. 她经常给她的老师写信。

She writes to her parents once a week. 她每周给父母写一封信。

Unit 12

26.【原句】——Why do you like art? 你为什么喜欢艺术?

——Because its fun. 因为它很有趣。

【解析】because引导原因状语从句,表示直接的原因或理由,用来回答why的提问,表示因果关系。它引导的从句一般放在主句后面,若放在前面,具有强调的意味。如:

——Why do you like dogs? 你为什么喜欢狗?

——Because theyre friendly and intelligent.因为他们既友好又聪明。

We had to stay at home because it rained.

因为下雨,我们不得不呆在家里。

fun为抽象名词(不可数),“高兴、乐趣、有趣的人或事”,前无冠词,fun也可作形容词“有趣的、奇妙的”。常用词组:have a lot of fun玩得很开心,have fun doing sth.表示“做某事感到有乐趣、开心”,动词用-ing形式。如:

Swimming in the sea is great fun on holiday.

假日在海里游泳是极大的乐事。

The children often have a lot of fun in the zoo.

孩子们经常在动物园玩得很开心。

We have fun climbing the mountain. 我们去爬山很开心。

27.【原句】Our teacher is very strict and Im usually very tired after class. 我们的老师是很严格的,课后我常常很疲倦。

【解析】strict是形容词“严格的、严厉的”。当表示某人对其他人、包括自己本身严格要求时用 be strict with,当表示某人对某事或某物严格要求时用be strict in。如:

My father is very strict with me. 爸爸对我要求很严格。

Our headmaster is strict in everything.

我们的校长对每一件事情都要求严格。

He is strict in his work. 他对他的工作要求很严格.

28.【原句】Its Tuesday, November 11.今天是11月11日,星期二。

【解析】本句是“Whats today?”(今天是×月×号,星期×)问句的回答,询问日期有“Whats the date today?”(今天是几号?)或“What day is it today?”(今天是星期几?)。如:

——What day is it today? 今天星期几?

——Its Sunday. 星期天。

——Whats the date today? 今天是几月几号?

——Its September 10th. Teachers Day. 今天是九月十号,教师节。

——Whats today? 今天几月几号,星期几?

——Today is Monday,September 1st. 今天是9月1号,星期一。

29.【原句】I have math on Monday,Wednesday and Friday.

我星期一、星期三和星期五上数学。

【解析】on Monday“在星期一”,on用于具体指某一天,如:on October 1st在10月1 日,on that day,在那一天也可以用于指某天,某段时间,如:

on the morning of last Sunday 在上个星期天早上

on a cold winter morning在一个很冷的冬天早上,也用于指纪念日/节日,如:

on your birthday在你生日那天;on Mothers Day在母亲节

30.【原句】After class I have volleyball for two hours.

课后我练习了两小时的排球。

【解析】本句中have表示“上、进行、学习”。如:

We have two classes in the afternoon. 下午我们上两节课。

for+一段时间,表示“经过……之久、计、达”,用来表示某个动作或状态持续多久,与for短语相连的动词必须是延续性动词,即所表示的动作是能够持续的动词。如:work,stay,study…等;for不与非延续性即不能持续的动词连用。如:come,go,die等;对for+一段时间短语提问用how long,意思是“多长时间”。如:

They will stay in Shanghai for a year. 他们将在上海呆一年。

——How long do you listen to music every day?

你每天听多长时间的音乐?

——I listen to it for two hours. 我听两小时。

跟踪训练:

1. Do you want ____?

A. go to a movie B. to go to a movie

C. to go to seeing a movie D. go to seeing a moive

2. I am ____ TV now?

A. watching B. seeing C. reading D. watch

3. ____ you want to go shopping with me?

A. Does B. Do C. Did D. Are

4. ____ he want to go shopping?

A. Does B. Do C. Did D. Is

5. I like reading ____ I dont like writing.

A. and B. but C. or D. with

6. I like reading ____ writing.

A. and B. but C. or D. with

7. 翻译:总之我爱我的父母.

____ ____ ____, I love my parents.

8. He ____ it ____ good.

A. thinks, isnt B. doesnt think, is

C. dont think, is D. think, isnt

9. I ____ want to go to Beijing.

A. too B. also

10. I want to go to Beijing, ____.

A. too B. aslo

11. The little girl cant ____.

A. play the piano B. play piano

C. play a piano D. play pianos

12. 翻译:请不要玩那只小狗。

Please dont ____ ____ the little dog.

13. 改错:I want joining the football club.

14. Tom wants to join a music club. (对划线部分提问)

____ ____ does Tom ____to join?

15. The old man gets on well with the kids. (改为同义句)

The old man ____ ____ ____ the kids.

16. He often helps his mother do the housework. (改为同义句)

He often ____ his mother ____ the housework.

17. This song is ____, but he cant sing it ____.

A. good, good B. well, good C. good, well D. good, OK

18. Please show me your photo. (改为同义句)

Please ____ your photo ____.

19. Whats your name, please? (改为同义句)

____ ____ ____ ____ ____, ____?

20. Is this your pen?(用Tom改为选择疑问句)

Is this your pen ____ ____?

21. My aunt usually has lunch at 11:00. (就划线部分提问)

____ ____ ____ your aunt usually ____ lunch?

22. She takes a shower at 5:00. (改为同义句)

She____ ____ ____ at 5:00.

23. She is a nice girl. (改为感叹句)

____ ____ nice girl ____ ____!

24. 翻译:他去上海找工作了。

He has gone to Shanghai ____ ____ ____ a job.

25. Do you know? Where does she work?(合并为宾语从句)

Do you know where____ ____?

26. It is seven oclock. (就划线部分提问)

____ ____ ____ ____?

27. 翻译:非常感谢你的好意。

____ ____ ____ for your kindness.

28. Please write a letter to Tom. (改为同义句)

Please ____ ____ Tom.

29. He likes English because its interesting. (就划线部分提问)

________ he ____ English?

30. 翻译:因为天天下雨,我们不得不呆在家里。

We ____ ____ stay at home ____ it rains every day.

31. 翻译:老师必须严格要求他们的学生。

Teachers must ____ ____ ____ their students.

32. 翻译:妈妈对我的书法要求很严格.

Mother ____ ____ ____ my writing.

33. ——____? ——Its Sunday.

A. Whats the date B. What time is it

C. What day is it today D. How much is it

34. His brother was born(出生) ____ the morning of May 5th.

A. in B. on C.for D. at

35. 改错:They usually play sports at two hours every day.

Keys:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.In a word 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.play with 13.joining改为to join 14.What club,want 15.is good with 16.helps with 17.C 18.show, to me 19.May I have your name, please?/Excuse me, May I know your name?/Your name, please?20.or Toms 21.What time does, have 22.has a shower 23.What a, she is 24.to look for 25.she works 26.What time is it 27.Thanks a lot 28.Write to 29.Why does, like 30.have to, because 31.be strict with 32.is strict in 33.C 34.B 35.at改为for

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