make的用法及其构成的短语
2008-11-25赵修江
赵修江
make是初中英语课本中很常见的动词。它有以下几种用法:
一、 由make构成的主动结构
1. make用作及物动词,意为“制造”、“做”。例如:
The boy likes making things. 这男孩爱做东西。
2. 含make的短语
(1) make a noise意为“制造噪音”。例如:
Dont make a big noise in public. 不要在公共场所喧哗。
(2) make up ones mind to do sth意为“下决心去干某事”。例如:
Jim makes up his mind to catch up with other classmates in Egnlish. 吉姆下决心在英语方面赶上班上的其他同学。
(3) make ones way to意为“去(往)某处”。例如:
Kate is making her way to school. 凯特在去上学的路上。
(4) make ones bed意为“整理床铺”。例如:
You should make your bed after you get up. 你起床后要整理好床铺。
(5) make a mistake意为“犯错误”。例如:
You should check your homework to make sure not to make any mistakes. 你应该检查作业,确保不出错误。
(6) make progress意为“取得进步”。例如:
If you study hard, youll make progress in your English. 如果你学习努力,你的英语会进步的。
(7) make sure意为“确保,务必”。例如:
Make sure that you can pass the exam. 要确保你考试及格。
(8) make it意为“及时赶到”。例如:
I hope youll make it at the airport. 我希望你能及时赶到机场。
(9) make room for sb意为“为……腾出个空”。例如:
When the old man got on the bus, a young man made room for him. 那个老人上车后,一位年青人给他让座。
(10) make money意为“赚钱”。例如:
His father made a lot of money by selling fruits. 他爸爸卖水果挣了大钱。
(11) make a living意为“谋生”。例如:
His father made a living by selling newspapers. 他父亲以卖报为生。
二、 由make构成的被动结构
(1) be made of意为“由……制成”,表示能从制成的成品中看得出是什么原材料做的。例如:
The desk is made of wood. 这张课桌是木头做的。
(2) be made from意为“由……制成”。表示从制成的成品中看不出是什么原材料做的。例如:
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的。
(3) be made up of意为“由……组成”。例如:
The USA is made up of fifty states. 美国由50个州组成。
(4) be made in意为“……制造”。表示物品生产或制造于某地。例如:
The bike is made in Shanghai. 这自行车是在上海制造的。
三、 make用作使役动词
(1) make可用作使役动词, make sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”, do sth是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语;在被动语态中,用be made to do sth。 例如:
The boss made his workers work twelve hours a day. → The workers were made to work twelve hours a day. 老板逼迫工人每天工作12个小时。
(2) make后面可以用反身代词作宾语,其后的宾语补足语可以是过去分词。例如:
He made himself heard across the room. 整个房间的人都听见他说话。
(3) make后面的复合宾语可以是“名词/代词 + 形容词或名词短语”。例如:
Too much food made him ill. 他吃得太多,因而生了病。
The king married her and made her queen. 国王娶了她,并册封她为王后。