刘洪毓

宾语从句是中考常考的语法项目之一。如何才能正确、快捷地解答出含宾语从句的试题呢？笔者认为可从以下几个方面考虑。

一、 考虑连词的选择。宾语从句由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导。若宾语从句仅仅是主句谓语动词表述的事实、事态或现象，则需要选用从属连词that引导宾语从句。若主句谓语动词含有“疑惑”、“不知道”或“疑问”等诸多意义，则需要选用从属连词whether/if（是否）、连接代词what， who， whose， which或连接副词where， when， how， why引导宾语从句。请看试题：

1. （2007年重庆市） Theres a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know_______it is？

A. what B. who

C. whose D. whom

2. （2007年安徽省） Mrs Brown couldnt find her purse. She didnt remember_______.

A. whose it was B. where it was

C. what it was D. when it was

［解题思路］ 试题1后一句中含一个宾语从句，问的是前一句中红色轿车的归属。再看所给的选项中，只有连接代词whose符合句意，所以正确答案为C。

试题2是说“布朗太太找不到钱包”，她记不起来的当然是“钱包放在哪里”，所以remember后面应选表示地点的连接副词where符合宾语从句，故正确答案为B。

二、 考虑宾语从句的语序。不管宾语从句是否含疑问意义，都必须用陈述语序，即句子的主语和谓语不能倒装。请看试题：

1. （2007年南京市） I dont know_______.

A. where does he come from B. what is his name

C. how old he is D. when will he leave

2. （2007年台州市） —Could you tell me_______， dear？

—She called to borrow my VCDs.

A. why Mary called you B. why did Mary call you

C. when Mary called you D. when did Mary called you

［解题思路］ 在试题1中，四个选项看似都可选，但一考虑语序，只有选项C是主语在前，谓语在后，所以正确答案是C。

试题2中，答话人说玛丽打电话是想借VCDs。 由此可知，问话人是问玛丽打电话的原因，即为什么打电话给“你”，所以空白处应用连接副词why引导宾语从句，这样就可排除C、D两项。再从语序判断，可排除B项，故正确答案是A。

三、 考虑主句和宾语从句中谓语动词的时态。宾语从句谓语动词的时态与主句谓语动词的时态密切相关。当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句的谓语动词时态应根据从句中谓语动词动作发生的时间去定。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时态时，从句谓语动词的时态应根据其动作发生的时间，用某种过去时态。若从句表达的是普遍真理，则从句谓语动词就必须用一般现在时。请看试题：

1. （2007年北京市） —Do you know_______now？

—In the Peoples Hall.

A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work

C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked

2. （2007年福州市） —Did Mr White tell you_______？

—Yes. He said he went there in 2003.

A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan

C. where he spent his holiday D. why did he visit Kunming

［解题思路］ 试题1的主句谓语动词是一般现在时。从答话人回答“在人民大会堂”可知，问话人问的是汤姆现在工作的地点，据此我们可排除B、D两项。再从A和C两项的语序判断，正确答案为C。

试题2中，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，所以宾语从句的谓语动词必定是过去时态，由此可排除选项B。 再从语序考虑，可排除选项D。 由题干中的答语“怀特先生说他2003年去的西藏”我们可知，问话人问的是怀特先生去西藏的时间，而不是地点，所以正确答案为A。

试题精选：

1. （2006年江西省） I followed him to see_______he was going， and I was very surprised when he went into the police station.

A. how B. where C. why D. whether

2. （2007年长沙市） —What did he say just now？

—He asked me_______this morning.

A. how did Tom come to school

B. when Tom got to school

C. why was Tom late for school

3. （2006年福州市） —I dont know_______now.

—He is much better today.

A. how is he B. how he is

C. where is he D. where he is

4. （2007年河北省） I didnt understand_______， so I raised my band to ask.

A. what my teacher says

B. what does my teacher say

C. what my teacher said

D. what did my teacher say

5. （2006年潍坊市） Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked_______.

A. where has Jeff gone B. where did Jeff go

C. where Jeff has been D. where Jeff had gone

6. （2007年临沂市） —Excuse me. Could you tell me_______later on？

—Wait a minute. It is coming in ten minutes.

A. if the next train arrives

B. if the next train will arrive

C. when the next train arrives

D. when will the next train arrive

Key： 1. B2. B3. B4. C5. D6. B