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新目标英语九年级重点句讲解(Units 4~6)

2008-10-16刘世一

中学英语园地·教学指导版 2008年9期
关键词:及物动词李明词组

刘世一

Unit 4

1.You shouldnt worry about what other people are wearing.(P27) 你不应该为别人穿什么而担心。

(1) 句中的worry about表示“为……而担心、担忧、着急”。worry用作及物动词用时,意为“使……烦恼”,“使……担忧”,后面的宾语通常是人。例如:

He often worries about the slightest thing.他经常为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事发愁。

The losing of his books worried him for some days.丢书那件事令他烦恼了好几天。

(2) be worried about也可表示“为……而担心、担忧、着急”,与worry about不同之处在于,be worried about侧重状态,worry about侧重动作。例如:

I am worried about my fathers health.(= I worry about my fathers health.) 我为我父亲的健康担忧。

2.What if everyone else brings a present? (P27) 要是别的人都带来了礼物,该怎么办呢?

句中的what if意为“要是……,又怎么样”,是what would happen if...的省略形式。例如:

What if we should fail? 如果我们失败了,该怎么办呢?

What if they didnt come here on time? 要是他们没有按时到达,怎么办呢?

What if it rains when we cant get under shelter? 假若下起雨来,我们又没处躲雨可怎么办呢?

3.I get nervous before big parties and then I get pimples.(P28) 在大型晚会前我特别紧张,于是我身上长出小浓疱。

句中两个get的用法和意义都有所不同。get既可用作行为动词,也可用作系动词。本句中的第一个get是系动词,意为“变得”,后面应接形容词作表语;第二个get是及物动词,意为“长出”。试比较:

The boy is getting taller and taller after he gets this kind of medicine.吃了这种药后,那个男孩个子越来越高了。

I must get some fruit in the market.我得在市场上买点水果。

This skirt is getting dirty;it needs washing.这条短裙脏了,该洗一洗了。

4.I really want a dog,but my parents wont let me have one.(P28) 我真想养一条狗,可是父母不让养。

动词let作“让”解时,后面作宾语补足语用的动词不定式常省去to。let的同义词allow后面也可接动词不定式作宾语补语,但是动词不定式符号to却不可省去。试比较:

My mother wouldnt let me go to the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。

Allow me to introduce Miss Mary.请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。

My parents allowed me to buy a second-hand car.我的父母允许我买一部二手车。

5.Id wait for her to introduce herself to me.(P29) 我要等她来向我作自我介绍。

(1) 句中wait for her to introduce是词组wait for sb/sth的延伸。wait for sb/sth意为“等待某人或某事”,而wait for sb to do sth意为“等待某人做某事”。例如:

Danny,there is someone waiting for you outside.丹尼,外面有人在等你。

The family are waiting for you to have dinner.家里人正在等着你吃饭呢。

(2) introduce herself to me意为“(她)向我作自我介绍”。introduce可以用来向人介绍自己,也可以用来向人介绍另一个人。例如:

May I introduce Mr Wang to you? 我可以把王先生介绍给你吗?

Let me introduce myself to you.让我给你作个自我介绍吧。

6.Social situations dont bother you in the slightest.(P30) 社会活动一点儿也不会影响你。

句中not...in the slightest意为“一点也不”、“根本不”,与not...at all同义。例如:

You are not wrong in the slightest/at all.你一点儿也没有错。

She doesnt like eggs in the slightest/at all.她根本不喜欢吃鸡蛋。

7.You have plenty of friends,and you enjoy the company of other people.(P30) 你有很多朋友,你也喜欢和别人交往。

句中的plenty of是“许多”的意思,与a lot of,much,many同义。但plenty of和a lot of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词,much后面只可接不可数名词,many后面只可接可数名词复数。试比较:

There are plenty/a lot of books on the desk.桌子上有许多书。

Dont worry.There is plenty/a lot of time.别着急,时间很充裕。

They have many apples at home.他们家里有很多苹果。

There isnt much rice in the bowl.碗里没有多少米饭。

She has a lot of books;but I cant see her reading books.她有许多书,但我却没有见她读书。

8.You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.(P30) 你宁愿意呆在家,读本好书,也不愿意出去参加聚会。

“would rather...than...”,意为“宁愿……而不愿”,rather与than的后面都可接动词原形。例如:

They would rather watch TV at home than go out to play soccer.他们宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去踢球。

He would rather play leisurely than do homework.他宁愿慢悠悠地玩耍也不愿做作业。

9.What do you think I should tell the rest of the students? (P31) 你认为我应该告诉其他学生什么?

do you think通常置于疑问词和句子主语之间,作插入语。例如:

Where do you think we can get this machine? 你认为我们能在哪儿搞到这种机器?

What do you think they are going to do tomorrow? 你看他们明天会有什么活动?

think也常与主语一起用在肯定句中用作插入语。例如:

He was wrong to have done that,she thought.她想,他这样做是错误的。

Its a great mistake,I think,not to accept their proposal.我看,不接受他们的建议是个大错误。

Unit 5

1.It might belong to Alice.She plays the guitar.(P35) 它可能是爱丽丝的。她是弹吉它的。

belong是不及物动词,后面通常跟介词to。belong to的主语通常是物;介词to后面跟人。例如:

These books belong to me.这些书是我的。

Who(m) does this belong to? 这是谁的东西?

Whose car does it belong to? 这是谁的车?

2.I cant find my backpack.(P35) 我找不到背包了。

It cant be Johns.(P35) 它不可能是约翰的。

cant find中的can表示能力,而cant be中的can表示推测。例如:

The hall can hold at least 2,000 people.这个大厅至少能坐下2,000人。

It cant be Li Ming.He went on a trip yesterday.不可能是李明。昨天他去旅行了。

cant与may not表示推测时意义有别。cant意为“不可能”,而may not意为“可能不”。试比较:

Danny cant be at home.I saw him in the library just now.丹尼不可能在家。我刚才还在图书馆里见到他。

It seven oclock now.Michael may not come here.现在已七点了。迈克尔可能不会来这儿了。

3.Its much too small for him.(P35) (他穿)太小了。

句中much too意为“太”、“非常”,用作副词词组,修饰形容词small。too much也可在句中作状语,但只能修饰动词。试比较:

Its much too cold today.今天天气太冷。

The old man walked much too slow.这位老人走得太慢了。

Dont speak too much at the meeting.会上别讲得太多。

too much也可用作名词词组,在句中作宾语;too much还可在句中用作形容词词组,修饰不可数名词。much too则不可。例如:

You gave me too much.你给我的太多了。

Is eating too much good or bad for your health? 吃得太多对身体有益还是有害?

4.Its crucial that I study for it because it counts 30 % to the final exam.(P36) 这对我学习(这门学科)很重要,因为它要占期末考试的30%。

(1) 本句是“it is + 形容词 + that从句/wh-从句”句式,其中it是形式主语,that从句或wh-从句是句子的真正主语。例如:

It is certain that the earth is round.毫无疑问,地球是圆的。

It is necessary that we master at least a foreign language.我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。

5.He might be running to catch a bus.(P37) 他可能正在跑去赶公交车呢。

might be running属于“情态动词 + 行为动词的进行式”结构,用来推测某动作现在正在进行之中。例如:

He said that his father might be playing chess.他说他父亲可能正在下国际象棋。

He must be sleeping at home now.他现在一定正在屋里睡觉呢。

He should be studying in the classroom at this moment.他这个时候应该是正在教室里学习。

6.There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.(P38) 肯定有什么东西光顾我们的街坊邻里了。

本句为“there be...+ doing...”句式,表示V-ing的动作目前或现阶段正在进行。从语法上讲,此句式中的V-ing也可以用动词不定式替代,即“there be + 主语 + to do”,表示动词不定式表示的动作将要发生。试比较:

Theres a man waiting for you outside the office.办公室外有人在等你。

Theres a girl looking for her mother.有一个女孩正在找她的母亲。

Therere some children to see you.有几个孩子要见你。

7.Dont let yesterday use up too much of today.(P39) 过去的就让它过去了!

本句为否定祈使句。yesterday作动词let的宾语,use up too much of today是作宾语补足语。在watch,see,look at,hear,listen to,notice,feel,have(使),let,make等动词后面作宾语补足语用的动词不定式往往省去to。例如:

Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古为今用,洋为中用。

They often hear Jenny sing this song.他们经常听詹妮唱这首歌。

Unit 6

1.I prefer music that has great lyrics.(P44) 我更喜欢带有好歌词的音乐。

prefer意为“宁可,宁愿,更喜欢”,其过去分词为preferred,现在分词为preferring。其常用结构有:

(1) prefer后面常可直接跟代词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、复合结构和宾语从句。例如:

I prefer you not to stay here too long.我希望你不要在这儿呆得太久。

We prefer that the meeting should be put off.我们宁愿让这个会往后推迟。

注意:prefer后接宾语从句时,从句的谓语动词为虚拟语气。

(2) prefer to do sth或prefer doing sth意为“宁愿做某事”,前者强调特定的或某一次具体的动作,即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么,后者强调一般性倾向,即“偏爱”某种行为。试比较:

He preferred reading at home on rainy days.下雨天他宁愿在家看书。

I prefer swimming,but I dont prefer to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

(3) prefer...to...意为“与……相比,更喜欢……”。to是介词,其后可跟名词,也可跟动词的-ing形式。例如:

Michael preferred dogs to cats.比起猫来,迈克更喜欢狗。

My grandma prefers taking a walk to watching TV.我奶奶宁愿去散步也不愿看电视。

(4) prefer to do sth rather than (to) do sth意为“宁愿……而不愿做某事”,than后面的动词不定符号to常省去。例如:

I preferred to do this rather than that.我宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。

She preferred to walk there rather than go by car.她宁愿步行去那儿,也不愿坐汽车去。

2.I like music that I can dance to.(P44) 我喜欢能随之跳舞的音乐。

I like music that I can sing along with.(P44) 我喜欢能伴随演唱的音乐。

dance to是“跟着……跳舞”的意思,sing (along) with是“伴着……歌唱”。to和with都是介词,其宾语都是引导定语从句的关系代词that。例如:

The cowboys often dance to western or country music at night.牛仔们经常在晚上伴随西部音乐或乡村音乐跳舞。

Some students like singing with the popular music.有些学生喜欢和着流行音乐唱歌。

3.The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46) 这音乐使我回忆起巴西的舞曲。

remind sb of sb/sth意为“使人回想起或意识到某人或某事物”。例如:

This reminded me of my days in this school.这使我想起了我在这所学校里度过的日子。

The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.这部影片使他回想起他在中国所看到的一切。

“remind oneself + 从句”意为“提醒自己……”;remind sb to do sth意为“提醒(某人)注意某事或做某事”;“remind sb + 从句”意为“提醒某人有……”。例如:

He kept on reminding himself that the time was short and the work must be finished in time.他不断提醒自己,时间很短,而且工作还必须按时完成。

Please remind me to get up at six tomorrow.明天六点唤我起床。

Dont forget to remind him that I would be at his home this evening.别忘了提醒他我今晚要到他家去。

4.It does have a few good features,though.(P48) 可是,它的确有一些好的特色。

句中的does用来强调谓语动词have。“do/does/did + 动词原形”通常出现在下列场合:

(1) 强调感情色彩。本句就是这个意思。再如:

You do look nice today.你今天看起来真是漂亮。

She does talk a lot,doesnt she? 她的确说得很多,不是吗?

(2) 加重祈使句的语气。例如:

Do sit down! 请坐请坐!

5.Whatever you do,dont miss this exhibition.(P48) 不管咋样,别错过了展览。

(1) whatever是由“what + ever”构成的复合词,可以用来引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……”,与“no matter + what”同义。例如:

No matter what/Whatever you say,well carry on the experiment.不管你怎么说,我们要继续试验。

No matter what/Whatever happens to you,dont open the door.不管发生什么事,你都不要开门。

(2) “what + ever”还可以引导一个名词性从句,而“no matter + what”则不可以。例如:

Take whatever you want.你要什么就拿什么吧。

不能说:Take no matter what you want.

6.What do you think of it? (P46) 你认为它怎么样?

“What do you think of...?”意为“你觉得……怎样?”,“你认为……如何?”,与“How do you like...?”同义。例如:

What do you think of my singing? 你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样?

What do you think of the story? (= How do you like the story?) 你觉得这个故事怎么样?

7.Be sure to see this exhibition at the Lido Galery.(P48) 一定要去看看在利多举办的画展。

本句为be sure to do sth句式,意为“务必要去干某事”。例如:

Be sure to come tomorrow.你明天一定要来。

be sure 还能出现在“be sure about/of...”,“be sure to do sth”和“be sure + 从句”之中:

(1) be sure about/of意为“确信对……有把握”,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。例如:

As David joined our team,we are sure of winning the game this time.由于大卫加盟我们的球队,我们这次一定会取胜。

He was not too sure about the grammar.他在语法方面没有很大把握。

(2) be sure to意为“一定”,“肯定”,表示局外人的推测、评论。主语不一定是人。例如:

Its sure to rain tomorrow.明天天一定会下雨。

You are sure to understand much more than before.你一定比以前懂得更多了。

试比较下面两句:

He is sure to live to ninety.他肯定可以活到九十岁。

He is sure of living to ninety.他自信可以活到九十岁。

(3) be sure后面接that从句时,意为“认为……一定会”,主语必须是人,连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether或where,when,who等引导的名词性从句。例如:

I am sure hell tell you a lot about China.我相信他会告诉你许多有关中国的事情。

Im not sure where I left my notebook.我不能确定我把笔记本丢在什么地方了。

8.They dont interest me as much.(P48) 它们同样唤不起我的兴趣。

(1) interest用作及物动词时,表示“使……发生兴趣、引起……注意”。例如:

The story does not interest me.这故事引不起我的兴趣。

He tried to interest me in buying the house.他想说服我买这所房屋。

(2) as much在句中表示“同样地、同等程度地”。例如:

That is as much as saying I am a liar.那是在说我撒谎了。

They finished the task as much without any help.在没有任何帮助的情况下,他们同样完成了任务。

9.There are many great photos of people and of the countryside.(P48) 有许多人物和乡村的巨幅照片。

句中“photos of people and of the countryside”说的是照片上有人,有乡村。下面这些词语虽然都以photo和picture为中心词,但其含义是不相同的。Li Mings photo指照片属李明所有,但照片上的人不一定是李明;a photo of Li Ming指照片上的人就是李明;a photo of Li Mings指李明存放的照片中的一张。也就是说,photos of people与a photo of Li Ming属同一个类型。

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