直接引语与间接引语
2008-09-18吴亚云
(一)定义
当我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,被引用部分称为直接引语;也可以用自己的话转述别人的意思,被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。直接引语变为间接引语时,须在时态及代词、状语等方面作一些必要的调整。
(二)时态的变化
1.如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态,直接引语变间接引语时谓语动词一般按下列规律进行变化

例如:
“Shes preparing her lessons,” I said. 我说:“她正在准备功课。”
→I said (that) she was preparing her lessons. 我说她正在准备功课。
I said to them, “Hell get excited.” 我对他们说:“他会兴奋的。”
→I told them (that) he would get excited. 我告诉他们他会兴奋的。
He said to me, “Jane spent all her time doing that.”
他对我说:“简花了她全部的时间做那件事。”
→He told me (that) Jane had spent all her time doing that.
他告诉我简花了她全部的时间做那件事。
2.直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时,如果与一个具体的表示过去的时间(如in 2005, last week等)连用,在变为间接引语时时态可以不变
My father said to me, “I read the book in 1998.”
我父亲对我说:“我1998年读过这本书。”
My father told me (that) he read the book in 1998.
我父亲对我说他于1998年读过这本书。
3.直接引语表达的意思是客观真理或习惯性动作时,在变为间接引语时时态可以不变
The geography teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”
地理老师说:“地球绕着太阳转。”
The geography teacher told us (that) the earth turns around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
(三)代词的变化
代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变化。例如:
“Sorry, Ive broken your CD player,” he said to me.
他对我说:“对不起,我把你的CD播放器弄坏了。”
→He told me (that) he had broken my CD player.
他告诉我他把我的CD播放器弄坏了。
[注意]this, these要相应地变为that, those。
(四)状语的变化


例如:
“Ill come and see you again this evening, Dave,” he said.
他说:“戴夫,我今天晚上再来看你。”
→He told Dave (that) he would go and see him again that evening.
他告诉戴夫他那天晚上再去看他。
[注意]动词come根据情况相应地变为go。有时,在间接引语的意义不会引起误解的情况下,状语也可以不变。
(五)直接引语为陈述句时的变化……p>
