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初识一般过去时

2008-06-30刘才来刘志强

中学英语之友·上 2008年5期
关键词:陈述句辅音句首

刘才来 刘志强

小明今天见到How was your weekend?犯了愁,以前他只见过How is your father?之类的句子。怎么今天is 变was了呢?他打开课本之后忙请教英语老师,老师告诉他,这是关于英语一般过去时的问题。

小明:什么是一般过去时?

老师:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如:

1.We were in Grade 7 last year. 去年我们读七年级。

(过去存在的状态)

2.Tom went to bed late last term. 上学期汤姆睡得很晚。

(过去反复发生的动作)

小明:一般过去时谓语动词叫什么形式,怎样变来的?

老师:叫动词的过去式。规则动词的过去式是动词原形加-ed得来的。下面就讲讲变的方法吧。

1.直接加ed。如:ask→asked, help→helped, play→played, want→wanted,need→needed

2.以e结尾的动词,加d。如:like→liked, love→loved, dance→danced

3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop→stopped

4.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,改“y”为“i”,再加-ed。如:study→studied,carry→carried

5.还有一些动词的过去式是不规则的,在平时学习时要加强记忆,这里给同学们列举一表格。

同学们,这里顺便给你们说一下规则动词过去式的读音。

1.在清辅音后加的ed读[t]。如:helped [helpt], asked [ɑ:skt]

2.在浊辅音和元音后加的ed读[d]。如:used [ju:zd], played [pleid]

3.在[t], [d]后加的ed读[id]。如:visited [vizitid], needed [ni:did]

小明:老师,一般过去时常与哪些时间状语连用?

老师:一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, yes-terday morning, last summer, in 1996, a moment ago等。

小明:你能给我举几个一般过去时的陈述句,疑问句的例子吗?

老师:好。现在我分两部分给你举例。

一、谓语动词是be的情况

(一)陈述句

肯定式:This desk was new last year. 这桌子去年是新的。

否定式:Tom was not in last night. 汤姆昨天晚上不在家。

(二)疑问式

一般疑问句:将be提到句首即可。 如:

Was Mike twelve last year? 迈克去年十二岁吗?

肯定回答:Yes, he was. 是的,他是。

否定回答:No, he wasnt. 不,他不是。

特殊疑问句 如:

——Where was John yesterday morning? 昨天上午约翰在哪里?

——He was in the study. 他在书房。

二、谓语动词是实义动词的情况

(一)陈述句

肯定式:I did my homework last Sunday. 上周日我做了家庭作业。

否定式:They didnt go to the beach yesterday morning.

昨天上午他们没去海滨。

(二)疑问式

一般疑问句:将助动词did放在句首,动词用原形。如:

Did you clean your classroom this afternoon?

今天下午你打扫教室了吗?

肯定回答:Yes, I did. 是的,我打扫了。

否定回答:No, I didnt. 不,我没打扫。

特殊疑问句 如:

——What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么?

——I went to the movies. 我看电影去了。

小明:谢谢老师。我明白了一般过去时的用法。

练习:

1. When ____ your birthday?

A. is B. was C. were D. are

2. His grandmother ____ on November 1, 1991.

A. dies B. died C. die D. dead

3. He ____ this book last week.

A. read B. reads C. readed D. is reading

4. She ____ here yesterday.

A. didnt came B. comes C. come D. didnt come

5. ____ you ____ the cute koala bear in the zoo last Monday.

A. Do, see B. Do, look C. Did, see D. Did, look

6. ____ you have great fun ____ the games?

A. Are, playing B. Do, played C. Did, playing D. Did, to play

7. When he ____ young, there ____ not so much food for him.

A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is

8. ——____ your last vacation great?

——Yes, it was.

A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were

9. They ____ the new building last week.

A. move B. moved C. moved to D. moved on

10. ——Where ____ he ____ volleyball last Sunday?

——In the Childrens Palace.

A. do, play B. are, playing C. did, play D. does, play

Key(2)

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