王世文

英语中的名词有可数和不可数之分，可数名词又有单数和复数之分，名词还有所有格形式。近年来，全国各地中考英语试题对名词的考查主要集中在上述几个方面，笔者拟对此加以归纳，并作一简析，供同学们参考。

一、考查可数名词的单、复数形式

可数名词有单数和复数之分，由单数变为复数的方法如下：一般名词在词尾加-s; 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es(但stomach在词尾加-s); 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先把y改为i, 再加-es,以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词大多直接在词尾加-s; 以f或fe结尾的名词通常将f或fe改成v, 再加-es; 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词通常在词尾加-es, 但也有在词尾加-s的；含主体名词的复合名词通常将主体名词改为复数形式(如passers-by)，无主体名词的复合名词一般在词尾加-s(如grown-ups); 由man/woman构成的复合名词将两部分均改为复数形式（如women teachers）; deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish(活鱼)等名词的单复数形式相同；有些名词的复数形式无规律可言，需要逐个加以记忆，如child→children, mouse→mice, man→men, woman→women, foot→feet等。有些名词，如trousers, clothes, jeans, glasses, shoes, sunglasses等成双成对的名词，只有复数形式，这些名词单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，由a pair of或pairs of修饰这些名词并作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：

1. All the ____ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.（2007重庆市）

A. man B. men C. woman D. women

[简析]答案为D。考查名词作定语。句意为“所有的女教师在三月八日这一天都很愉快，因为这是她们的节日。man, woman作定语修饰名词时，其单数形式修饰单数名词，复数形式修饰复数名词。

2. ——Do you know how many ____ a horse has and how many

____ a bee has?(2007年内蒙古包头市)

——Of course. I know.

A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot

[简析]答案为A。考查tooth, foot的用法。这两个名词变复数时都要把oo变为ee，在本题中用于how many之后，都用复数，故选A。

3. How many ____ are there in the international village?

(2006广东省)

A. Chinese B. Russian C. American

[简析]答案为A。How many后面应接可数名词的复数形式。三个选项只有Chinese单复数同形。B和C的复数形式都在其后加s。

二、考查可数名词单、复数形式的使用

考生应根据具体语境和句子意思来确定名词应用单数形式还是用复数形式。例如：

1. Liu Xiang is an Olympic winner in the ____ hurdles(跨栏). Were proud of him. (2006年海南省)

A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre D. 110 meters

[简析]考查“基数词+连词符号+名词”构成的复合形容词的用法，其中的名词只能用单数形式，故答案为A项。

2. We have bought two ____ for the coming party. (2005年吉林省)

A. box of apple B. boxes of apples

C. box of apples D. boxes of apple

[简析]答案为B。box与apple均为可数名词，根据语境，空白处应填表示复数意义的名词性词组boxes of apples, 故答案为B项。

三、考查名词所有格的用法

名词所有格表示该名词与其他名词的所属关系。表示有生命的名词所有格的构成方法有两种：不以s结尾的名词单数或复数名词，通常在词尾加“‘s”；以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘”。表示时间、距离、国家、城市、天体等概念的无生命名词的所有格也用s的形式；of短语常用来构成无生命的所有格；of所有格和s所有格重叠使用构成双重所有格，结构为：不定冠词/数词/指示代词/疑问代词+名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词；修饰语与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系时，应用名词作定语。表示两人共同拥有某物时，最后一个名词用s, 表示两人分别拥有某物时，两个名词分别用所有格形式；else的所有格为elses。例如：

1. ____ room is big and bright. They like it very much.

（2007年河北省）

A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam

C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams

[简析]答案为C。room用的是单数形式，可知房间是两个人共有的。当两个人共有某物时，名词所有格应该在后面那个人名后加“‘s”。

2. ——Come and see me in ____.(2007年黑龙江哈尔滨市)

——With pleasure. Thats what Im expecting.

A. two or three days

B. two or three days time

C. two or three days time

[简析]答案为C。此题考查短语“在两或三天之后”，正确表达是：in two or three days time或in two or three days。

3. All the students in my class decided to have the next meeting in one ____ time.(2007年辽宁沈阳市)

A. week B. weeks C. weeks D. weeks

[简析]答案为C。该句意为“我们班所有的学生决定在一周的时间内要开下一次会议。” 表示“一周的”时间应该用名词所有格s，表示“……的”，故答案选C。

4. Li Feng bought his mother a nice handbag on ____ Day.

(2007年广西桂林市)

A. Mother B. mother C. Mothers D. mothers

[简析]答案为C。母亲节应用单数形式，且用名词所有格，即：Mothers Day。

四、考查根据具体语境来选择名词

在中考英语试卷中，不少试题要求考生从不同类别的名词中选择符合语境的名词，以考查考生对名词类别的区分能力。例如：

1. ——How can I tell one tree from another?

——You can mostly tell them by the ____ of their leaves.

(2007年湖北武汉市)

A. shape B. size C. age D. color

[简析]答案为A。句意为“我怎样说出一棵树和另外一棵树的不同？”“你可以主要说树叶的形状。”A是形状；B是尺寸；C是年龄；D是颜色。

2. ——You didnt send me an e-mail last night, did you?

(2007年安徽省)

——Sorry. My ____ broke down. I couldnt get online.

A. computer B. car C. clock D. camera

[简析]答案为A。句意为“昨晚你没有给我发电子邮件，对吗？”“很抱歉，我的电脑坏了，不能上网。”根据前面句子的意思判断，让他发电子邮件，应该是说电脑坏了。

3. ——I dont know how to use the machine. (2007年江西省)

——It doesnt matter. Here is the ____.

A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement

[简析]答案为A。句意为“我不知道怎样用这台机器。”“没关系，这是说明。”instruction说明书；direction 方向；information信息；advertisement 广告。根据句意排除选项B、C、D。

4. ——Would you like some ____?(2007年陕西课改区)

——No, thank you. Im not hungry at all.

A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee

[简析]答案为C。句意为“你想要些面包吗？”“不，谢谢，我根本不饿。”由回答中的hungry可知上句应与食物有关。tea茶；water水；coffee咖啡，均不符合题意，故排除。

5. Linda wants to borrow a book on science in the ____ nearby. (2007年黑龙江省)

A. library B. bookstore C. supermarket

[简析]答案为A。借书当然要到图书馆去。

6. ——Would you like some ____?(2007年浙江宁波市)

——Yes, please. Im a little thirsty.

A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange

[简析]答案为D。根据答语“我有点口渴”可推断问句应对饮料提问。A、B、C三项都是吃的食物，不符合题意。

7. He always has a ____ with him. I think he must enjoy taking photos.(2007年福建厦门市)

A. computer B. dictionary C. camera

[简析]答案为C。考查在理解句意的基础上，选择相应的名词。通过题干中的take photos可知选C。

8. ——Mum, its so hot and Im so thirsty.(2007年山东威海市)

——Go and get some ____ in the fridge.

A. biscuits B. chips C. cakes D. ice creams

[简析]答案为D。由题意可知说话人很热并且口渴，比较一下A、B、C三项都不符合题意。

9. Im afraid that there is no ____ for you in my car because there are already five people. (2007年甘肃省)

A. ground B. room C. place D. field

[简析]答案为B。该句意为“恐怕我的车里没有你的空了，因为已经有5个人了。”ground地面；room空间，不可数名词；place地方，指具体的某一地点；field田地。

10. ——Please write down the telephone number.

——Sorry, but I have no ____ to write on.(2007年宁夏回族自治区)

A. pen B. ink C. paper D. time

[简析]答案为C。paper在此处作have的宾语，也作on的宾语，句意为“我没有纸可以写在上面。”

11. I dont have enough money, so I have to go to the ____ to get some. (2007年乌鲁木齐市)

A. restaurant B. police station C. bank D. shop

[简析]答案为C。该句意为“我的钱不多了，我得去银行去取。”restaurant饭店；police station警察局；bank银行；shop商店。

12. They got much ____ on the Internet.(2007年天津市)

A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information

[简析]答案为D。much后面应接不可数名词。

13. There is good ____ for you. Ive found your lost watch.

(2007年广东省)

A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts

[简析]答案为A。由于该句谓语动词是单数is，故答案选A。news是不可数名词，意为“消息”。

14. ——Look, the tall building looks very modern. (2007年河南省)

——Yes, and there is a garden on its ____. A garden in the air!

A. top B. ground C. side D. floor

[简析]答案为A。根据后句A garden in the air!(空中花园)判断，花园在楼顶。故选A（在……顶端）。

15. ——Whats wrong with your daughters ____? (2007年海南省)

——She cant see things clearly.

A. eyes B. ears C. nose

[简析]答案为A。根据下文“她看不清东西”可知“她的眼睛出毛病了”。表示“眼睛”用eyes。

[小试牛刀]

1. ____ the Green Great Wall, the land produces more crops.

A. Thanks for B. Thanks to C. Thank to D. Thank for

2. ——Ive got an “A” in the exam.

——Thats a good ____. You will surely win a second.

A. news B. idea C. start D. result

3. If you didnt take more ____, youll get fat.

A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons

4. We watch evening news on channel of ____ at 7:00 in the evening.

A. MTV B. CAAC C. CCTV D. WTO

5. She was born in Chongqing, but Chengdu has become her second____.

A. family B. hometown C. house D. country

6. ——Could you move over a little and make some ____ for me?

——Sure, please.

A. place B. seat C. room D. ground

7. How many ____ were lost in the fire?

A. life B. lives C. lifes

8. The ____ now is that I have lots of ____ to ask.

A. problem; questions B. question; problems

C. question; problem D. problem; question

9. He had something to write down and asked me for ____.

A. a paper B. some papers

C. some piece of paper D. a piece of paper

10. Canadians speak ____ and ____.

A. Italian; Japanese B. English; Chinese

C. German; Russian D. French; English

11. There are two ____ in the city.

A. cars factory B. cars factories

C. factories of cars D. car factories

12. His sisters English is better than ____ in her class.

A. anyone else B. anyones C. anyones else D. anyone elses

13. How many ____ are there in your factory?

A. German B. Japanese C. Australian D. Englishmans

14. I have ____ to do this evening.

A. a lot of works B. many work

C. a lot of work D. some works

15. Which of the following signs means “NO BIKES”. ____.

16. The sign “THIS SIDE UP” is often seen ____.

A. in the street B. on a box C. at the police D. on a door

17. We will have a ____ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?

A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two days

18. ——Can I just have a try?

——Sure. It doesnt ____ if you give me a wrong answer.

A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care

19. There was ____ on show in the museum.

A. quite nice a cup B. nice quite cup

C. quite a nice cup D. quite nice cup

20. The river is very long and it is about ____.

A. 20 metres wide B. 15 metres long

C. 30 metres high D. 50 metres tall

Key(3)