姜建军

动词的时态是高考试题的常考内容之一，同时也是中学英语的重点和难点之一。笔者通过对近几年来各地的高考试卷分析发现，对动词时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时与现在进行时；一般过去时与过去进行时；一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时等的用法与区别。本文拟就高考试题中出现频率较高的考查时态的考点予以归类分析，以期同学们更好地复习和掌握英语动词时态在具体语境中的运用。

一、一般现在时与现在进行时

1．一般现在时

（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件

例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.

A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken

解析：飞机起非的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。

（2）考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态

例2 This machine _______. It hasnt worked for years.

A. didnt work B. wasnt working

C. doesnt work D. isnt working

解析：机器闲置了很多年，所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现时的状态，故答案为C。

例3 The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more.A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. had lived D. doesnt live

解析：句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。

（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实

例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called B. is called

C. had been called D. has been called

解析：尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。

2．现在进行时

（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事

例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired

C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。

例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning

解析：因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。

（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作

常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。

例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.

A. takes off B. is taking off

C. has taken off D. took off

解析：答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。

从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时区别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下：

一般现在时：习惯性、永久性、客观事实

现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感情色彩

二、一般过去时与过去进行时

1．一般过去时

主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况

例8Its said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and

education.

A. were being designed B. have designed

C. have been designed D. were designed

句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。

例9My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America.

A. worked B. would work

C. would be working D. has been working

此题中的two years ago说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。

2．过去进行时

（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成

例10—Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.

A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done

解析：从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。

（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作

例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting

解析：“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。

一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：

一般过去时：完成性

过去进行时：未完成

三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时

1．现成完成时

（1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果

例12Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.

A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved

解析：尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断出医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。

（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作

例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served

解析：此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。

例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.

A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing

解析：句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。

2．现成完成进行时

主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。

例15Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.

A. had considered B. has been considering

C. consider D. is going to consider

解析：因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定,所以答案为B。

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：

现在完成时：完成性强调动作的结果

现在完成进行时：未完成性动作在不久前持续进行的情景