Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基础训练

单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1. It s me to think I was alone in the building at night.

2. F， no one was hurt in this earthquake.

3. Its better for you to keep a positive a toward life.

4. He was standing by a pool and about to d in.

5. The climate change might be one of the causes of the e of dinosaurs.

6. The enemy must have made full preparation for the（攻击）.

7. Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea because of（鲨鱼）.

8. David watched her car until it（消失） from view.

9. The fast-food industry continues to（把……作為目标） young people.

10. The weather last winter was（糟糕的）.

选词填空 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

refer to due to be scared of cut off rather than

1. The success was largelythe hard work of their team.

2. We were having our English lesson when suddenly the electricity supply .

3. If you dont know the meaning of the word， you maythe dictionary.

4. The factory needed better managementmore money.

5. Dontasking for help when you are in trouble.

课文语法填空

The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills1（swim）. It   strengthens peoples long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.

People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws made things2（bad）. Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks，3（kill） as many as they could. At that time， nobody4（care） if sharks were killed， or how many were killed.

After 1975，5number of large sharks around America fell quickly. This was not only due 6fear of sharks， but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks7（catch） and their fins cut off. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.

In 1980， Benchley， the man8wrote the book the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful sight. The sea floor was covered with dead sharks. From that day on， he fought9（protect） sharks.

Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them10extinction.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

能力提升

閱读理解

According to the wildlife trade monitoring organization—TRAFFIC， about one million pangolins （穿山甲） were killed from 2000 through 2013， mainly for their scales （鳞片）， which are used in medicine. Pangolins are sensitive creatures and picky eaters that only eat certain kinds of ants， a diet thats very difficult to copy in the food chain.

“In the last decade， theres been a huge growth trade in pangolins between continents， especially their scales，” says Dan Challender， chair of the pangolin specialist group. Previously， most pangolin killing happened within Asia， he says. This change means that Asian pangolins are becoming difficult to find but that the value of the scales makes it worth the extra cost to take pangolins from Africa to Asia secretly.

All eight types of pangolins， four in Africa and four in Asia， are in danger of extinction due to the illegal trade. International trade in the four types of Asian pangolins has been banned （禁止） since 2000. In the past few years， a ban on international commercial trade in all eight types has gone into effect. It was voted by 183 governments that are parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species （CITES）， which is in charge of cross-border trade in wild animals and their parts.

Pangolins are eaten as bushmeat in western and central Africa and by some local groups in South and Southeast Asia. Their parts also are used in Ghana， Nigeria， South Africa， and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa as traditional medicine. But they are now endangered. Perhaps no pangolins can be seen when our next generation grow up.

1. What can we learn about pangolins from Paragraph 1？

A. Their meat is very delicious. B. They are killed for their scales.

C. They eat all kinds of ants. D. They are at the top of the food chain.

2. Why are pangolins brought from Africa to Asia？

A. They are cheaper in Africa. B. No laws protect them in Africa.

C. People in Asia can really save them. D. They are rare in Asia now.

3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about pangolins？

A. They have many different types. B. The bans on their trade are worthwhile.

C. Governments have tried to protect them. D. People trade them in different ways.

4. Whats the authors attitude towards pangolins future？

A. Positive. B. Uncaring. C. Concerned. D. Confident.

阅读七选五

You can help protect the planet！ Try some of the following tips and get green.

1 Set out cans and bottles for neighborhood pickup， or exchange them for cash at a recycling center. Choose rechargeable batteries （充電电池）， then recycle them when they die. 2 Sharing books is a great way to reduce waste and reuse materials.

Improve the outdoors. Plant a leafy tree that loses its leaves in fall on the south side of your home. Its shade will cool your house in the summer. 3 Trees also help clean the air we breathe. They produce oxygen and reduce carbon dioxide.

Dont litter. Rubbish thrown carelessly outside often washes into rivers， lakes and finally into the oceans. 4

Cut down on waste. If you have a dripping faucet （滴水的水龙头） in the house， ask your parents to replace the washer inside it. If you stop a faucet from leaking one drop each second， you can save 2，700 gallons of water a year. Dont pile （堆放） food onto your plate. 5 Enough food to feed 49 million people ends up in landfills in the United States each year.

A. Recycle and reuse first.

B. Participate in clean-up days at a park.

C. Take only what you know youll really be able to eat.

D. Pollution is a growing problem for all the Earths oceans and wildlife.

E. Borrow books from the library or a friend instead of buying a new copy.

F. The rubbish collection services will pick up the recycled bottles and cans.

G. After the trees leaves fall， sunlight will help warm your house in the winter.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

单句语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. He（devote） all his collections to helping the homeless children.

2. She spent too much time in preparing for her tomorrows（present）.

3. Our school（adopt） a new teaching method recently.

4. Our body requires a continuous supplyfood and water.

5. No one had been able to escape the（cruel） of war at that time.

6. Hundreds of buildings（damage） due to the severe earthquake.

7. Dont（affect） by her words. Shes just lying.

8. This creatures tail will grow again if it is cut .

9. Wearing a mask can prevent you from the（infect）.

10. Theres much we can do to protect sharksextinction.

完成句子 根据汉语提示，结合本单元所学语法知识完成句子。

1. 当我回到办公室时，我发现我的桌子被搬走了。

When I returned to my office， I .

2. 所有问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。

， he began to think of a journey.

3. 他们离开了，留下我一个人解决剩下的所有工作。

They left， all the rest of work.

4. 由于建了这座桥，这两个村庄现在连接起来了。

With ， the two villages are connected now.

5. 因为急需讲义，所以工人们让机器运转了一整天。

The papers were in great need， so the workersall day long.

句子合写 用现在分词或过去分词合并下列句子。

1. She found the tall man with beard. He was involved in the accident.

2. As soon as we entered the hall， we saw a man on the stage. He was playing the piano.

3. We had no difficulty finding the little boys house. The little boy was leading the way.

4. When I came into the classroom this morning， I found him. He was reading a novel.

5. The young man was caught by the police. He was stealing a car.

能力提升

完形填空

Both in their seventies， Tububatu and his wife Taoshengchagan live in a village near Badain Jaran， Inner Mongolia. Theyve been spending every day since they retired in 20021against sandstorm. Before Tububatu others had tried but2 . He just wanted to make a difference. He started by3just 50 trees a year， but kept doubling his4to the point where he now plants thousands of trees a year.

The retired couple have been slowly growing their little desert forest at their own5 ， so that they live a very6life. Even though they mostly plant drought-resistant （抗旱的） types like sacsaoul trees and desert cistanche， they still make sure to7them at least once a day to make them grow8 .

Although they have been9by some neighbors who think their efforts are10to fail， they havent given up. Over the last 19 years， the couple have planted over 266 hectares of desert and have no11of stopping.

Besides12the spread of the desert， Tububatu is also making a living by planting， as the desert cistanche is a（n）13medicinal plant that can sell for up to 100 yuan per kilogram.

For nearly 20 years， Tububatu and his wife have been14hard in the process and they have planted over 70，000 trees，15more than 1 million yuan of their savings. The16conditions have weakened their health and they look17than they actually are， but they refuse to abandon （放棄） their battle against the18 .

The couple have received several19and honors from the government over the years， becoming a good20for all environmentalists.

1. A. charging B. warning C. fighting D. voting

2. A. changed B. finished C. failed D. disappeared

3. A. growing B. buying C. keeping D. protecting

4. A. ideas B. efforts C. dreams D. difficulties

5. A. expense B. risk C. time D. convenience

6. A. comfortable B. quiet C. happy D. simple

7. A. cut B. cover C. water D. replace

8. A. equally B. quickly C. naturally D. healthily

9. A. cheered up B. laughed at C. turned down D. taken in

10. A. ready B. sure C. early D. final

11. A. plans B. hopes C. chances D. ways

12. A. stressing B. improving C. slowing D. following

13. A. cheap B. ordinary C. useless D. popular

14. A. working B. planting C. urging D. earning

15. A. losing B. spending C. wasting D. collecting

16. A. special B. strange C. different D. terrible

17. A. taller B. dirtier C. thinner D. older

18. A. village B. desert C. neighbor D. environment

19. A. cards B. letters C. prizes D. reviews

20. A. model B. role C. family D. lesson

語法填空

Humanitys ongoing destruction （破坏） of wildlife will lead to a shrinking of nature， with the average body size of animals1（fall） by a quarter， a study predicts.

The researchers estimate that more than 1，000 kinds of larger animals will die out in the next century. They say this could lead to the collapse （崩溃） of ecosystems2are important for humans to get food and clean water.

Humans3（destroy） most large animals from all inhabited （有人居住的） continents apart from Africa over the last 125，000 years. This destruction will speed up4（rapid） in the coming years， according to the latest research.

Animal populations have fallen by 60% since 1970， suggesting a sixth mass5（extinct） of life on Earth is under way because of the ruining of wild6（area）， hunting and farming. Scientists said that human society was7danger from the drop of the Earths natural life-support systems， with half of natural ecosystems now destroyed and8total of a million species at risk of dying out.

The future disappearance can9（avoid） if complete action is taken10（protect） wildlife habitats， and the scientists say the new work can help focus efforts on key animals.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

短文改錯

Natural disasters often come unexpectedly， killed many people and destroying countless homes. But what on earth lead to natural disasters？ Of course， natural change plays an unique and important role. However， now people are aware of that we humans are partly responsible for them， which have done something harmful to the earth. We cut down too many trees in the forests so far. Better still， we have badly polluted the environment. Considering the great damages caused by us， we should take action as soon as possibly to protect our environment. Besides， we must keep calm and try to save us and help others when disasters happen.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基础训练

单词填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.He continued to work there for almost 50 years，his life to his research work. Histo the job is worth praising. （devote）

2. He has a deepfor his old friend whose speechhim deeply. （affect）

3.Themachine in this house uses too much . （electricity）

4.The company is making great efforts at uses ， because the price of their products has beenby 20%. （reduce）

5.Weather ， we will go hiking tomorrow. If you want to go with us， you need to get your parents . （permit）

6.The painting wasby the family to the museum. Visitors will be admitted on

of their own ID card. （present）

7.John isthat he havent seen his daughter for hours. There is afor her safety. （concerned）

8.Although its not a severe ， I dont want you to be . （infect）

9.Yesterday the captainthat themission should be finished before afternoon. （urge）

10.To protect the environment， heeverything that isin his daily life. （reuse）

单句表达 根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1.他们在这个项目上投入了大量的精力。（a large amount of）

2.当你去旅游时，首先要考虑天气。（take... into account）

3.要经过几个月才能适应大学生活。（It takes... to...）

4.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。（倍数 + as… as…）

5.应采取一切可能的方法来保护河流免受污染。（protect... from...）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

damage reduce in order to be good for

take... into account Its better to... We are writing this letter to...

能力提升

阅读理解

A

Michele Gentile， an Italian bookseller， is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle. Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla， a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program， because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment.

‘‘My goal is to spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment，” Gentile explained. The idea for the initiative （倡议） came after Gentile cooperated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together， the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books for an entire class. His new program took off from there and has already spread into northern Italy. Gentile hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative.

The free books come from customers in Gentiles shop who have donated money to buy a ‘‘suspended” book. The idea comes from a World War Ⅱ practice in which customers would buy two coffees： one for themselves and another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative. While Gentiles program is a great way to recycle waste and get kids to read， it also brings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world， only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose （分解）， which is a major concern for environmentalists.

Cutting down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations， and recycling programs like Gentiles book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.

1. What is the purpose of Gentiles book program？

A. To sell books. B. To attract customers.

C. To collect money. D. To inspire reading and recycling.

2. Gentile came up with the idea of the program after.

A. working with a school to recycle cans B. seeing school kids dont like reading

C. donating books to a local school D. buying a “suspended” book for a child

3. Who pays for the books of the project？

A. The local government. B. Gentile himself.

C. Some publishers. D. His customers.

4. What is the best title for the text？

A. An Italians Reading Initiative B. Recycling Cans Gets Kids Free Books

C. Gentiles Way of Doing Business D. A New Way to Deal with Plastic Waste

B

About 20 years ago， some 15，000 red pandas wandered the treetops of the Himalaya forests in South Asia. But with a large number of people entering their living places， these shy and solitary （獨处的） creatures cant meet each other and reproduce. Now the population has fallen by more than 50 percent.

To save the red pandas here， Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. Thats where the tracking devices come in. “Mapping the path they travel will let us know which areas of the forest need to be reforested to connect the most red pandas to one another，” Lama says.

Because red pandas can be hard to spot and catch， no one had ever used GPS collars （頸圈） to study them in the wild. But Lama and his team had a great plan. They first would make sure the animals would be comfortable wearing the collars. So， they tested the collars on two red pandas in a local zoo. “We persuade them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward—grapes， apples， or bananas，” Lama says.

Then came the next challenge： catching red pandas. Once they spotted a red panda， a team of vets set up a tall， fence-like tarp （油布） around the base of the tree with a box trap （陷阱） at the bottom. That way when the red panda climbed down the tree surrounded by the tarp， it had no choice but to enter the trap. It was then quickly controlled， collared and released.

From September to December 2019， the team trapped 10 red pandas—six females and four males. Their collars recorded their location every two hours and sent the information to researchers once a day. Over the next year， the team tracked the red pandas movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.

5. What has led to the reduction of red pandas in South Asia？

A. Their normal lives are badly influenced. B. They arent adapted to living in groups.

C. Their ability to reproduce is weakened. D. They try to avoid meeting each other.

6. Why did the research team track the movements of red pandas？

A. To study their living behavior. B. To protect them from hunters.

C. To know where to plant forests. D. To find if they can often meet.

7. How did the research team get red pandas to wear collars？

A. By offering them treats. B. By measuring their necks.

C. By setting tarps. D. By using traps.

8. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. The falling population of red pandas. B. The clever way to keep track of red pandas.

C. The research on red pandas reproduction. D. The way of building living places for red pandas.

完形填空

My love for animals began through watching wildlife documentaries when I was a kid. I went on to1Environmental Science at university， and became2in marine （海洋的） biology when I did my PhD at the University of Hong Kong. Thats when I3that there was a possibility to do more for Hong Kong.

I was very lucky to4Ms Claire Nouvian when I graduated from my PhD in 2009. At that time， Claire was5another non-profit organization， BLOOM Hong Kong， after founding the Bloom Association in France a few years before， and she6me to work on promoting marine conservation （保护）. We do this mainly by being research-focused， arousing public7 ， and trying to fill knowledge8 . We then share our information with front-line officers， such as fishery managers and customs officers， to help them9how important their role is in implementing （贯彻执行） regulations to the wildlife trade， and10suggestions on how to make implementation work more11 .

We are still a city in love with12and Hong Kong has the second highest annual seafood13in Asia—but consumers are14aware of where their seafood comes from and which kinds are15 .

With the marine ecosystem already16 ， the greatest threat （威胁） is continued ignorance and inaction. We humans have been a17part of the problem， but now it is time for us to show that we can also be a part of the18 . If each person around us19their part—even for just one meal a day， Hong Kong would already be on its way to making great20towards sustainable seafood consumption.

1. A. prove B. choose C. study D. observe

2. A. interested B. skilled C. careful D. experienced

3. A. learned B. realized C. urged D. admitted

4. A. meet B. help C. guide D. affect

5. A. looking into B. leaving for C. working for D. setting up

6. A. invited B. followed C. reminded D. took

7. A. response B. memory C. concern D. worry

8. A. funds B. forms C. levels D. gaps

9. A. understand B. consider C. inform D. announce

10. A. ask B. tell C. accept D. offer

11. A. careful B. popular C. productive D. admirable

12. A. wildlife B. seafood C. trade D. health

13. A. business B. consumption C. campaign D. donation

14. A. hardly B. simply C. exactly D. fully

15. A. saved B. reduced C. killed D. threatened

16. A. complete B. hopeless C. weak D. promising

17. A. unique B. significant C. useless D. protective

18. A. solution B. conclusion C. plan D. development

19. A. votes B. sorts C. plays D. limits

20. A. budget B. connection C. currency D. progress

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：劝导性的书信写作。写作时，要清晰地点出写作目的，并给出充分的理由劝说对方。理由要合情合理，用词要得体，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。

建议体裁：应用文。

注意事项：明确倡议信的“三段式”结构：

1. 点明写信的目的；

2. 分析原因。要有理有据，力求客观、真实、有说服力。语气要委婉、中肯，用词要得体；

3. 重申自己的建议，礼貌结束全文。

题例导学

题目

假定你是某学校学生会主席李华，在世界环境日（6月5日）到来之际，请你代表学生会用英语写一封倡议信向全校师生发出环保倡议。内容包括：

1. 说明环保的重要性；

2. 具体措施；

3. 倡议行动。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

思路引导1·要点分析

1. 保护环境的重要性：环境遭到破坏后产生的变化和这些变化带给我们的警示；

2. 具体措施：不乱扔垃圾、绿色出行、节约资源、资源循环利用等；

3. 倡议行动：表达自己的期望以及号召大家行动起来。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 我们的地球受到严重污染，全球变暖导致了极端天气。（severely， global warming）

2.所有的这些现象都在警示我们，环境保护正变得越来越紧迫。（All of these warned us that…）

3. 我们应该有环保意识，绝不随地乱扔垃圾。（drop litter carelessly）

4. 當我们外出时，我们可以选择步行或骑自行车。（when引导的时间状语从句）

5. 让地球变得更好是我们的责任。（It is… to…）

思路引导3·连句成篇

Dear schoolmates，

Student Union

范例展示

Dear schoolmates，

In the past several years， our earth has been severely polluted and global warming has led to extreme weather. All of these warned us that protecting the environment is becoming urgent.

As students， we can still do something. Firstly， we should have environmental awareness. Never drop litter carelessly. Whats more， lets live a green lifestyle. When we go out， we can choose to walk or ride a bike. Public transportation is also a good choice. Last but not least， try to persuade people around you to protect the environment.

Its our duty to make the earth better. Lets take action now.

Student Union

话题表达

假定你是高一学生李华，你校英语报的“Green Life”栏目现向全校师生征稿。请你以“减缓全球变暖，共创美好家园”为主题，用英语写一封倡议信并投稿。内容包括：

1. 全球变暖的影响；

2. 减缓全球变暖的生活方式；

3. 表达期待。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear fellow students，

As we all know， human activity has caused severe global warming.

Li Hua

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1.be/ /of… 害怕……

2.在恐惧中

3. cut切断

4.偶然遇到

5. the other way恰好相反

6.错误地

7. have an effect/impact对……有影响

8.瞄准

9. getin 涉及，卷入

10.未经许可

11. be reduced … 减少了……

12. theof 大多数

13. a largeof 许多，大量

14. take…把……考慮进去

15. be concerned为……担忧

16. contribute有助于；促进

17.平均

18.提出；想出

19. depend依靠；取决于

20. turn关闭

句型

1. 现在分词（短语）作结果状语

Jaws was a great success，（吸引了大批观众） and winning many awards.

2. 形容词（短语）作状语

Some people stopped swimming in the sea，（因为害怕那种可怕的生物） from the film.

3. 完全倒装句

（今天和我一起的是林峰）， a staff member working here.

4. be to do结构

Our job（是保护和恢复） the natural environment.

5. It takes… to do…

（需要几百年的时间） for plastic to break down.

6. 倍数 + as… as…

However， making a paper bag uses（四倍的能量） making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.

7. It be… that…（强调句）

（是食物的生产）， not its transport， that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.

开放式表达

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识，以“倡议环保”为话题，谈谈你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. The biggest problem is…

2. In order to… we propose that…

3. We are glad to see that…