文/Peng Sun（加拿大） 译/张佳艺

（作者系暨南大学管理学院企业管理专业国际博士生）

近来，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴已经成为热门话题。中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告提出了中国式现代化的五个重要特征和九个本质要求，这对于实现高质量发展、构建人类命运共同体和创造人类文明新形态至关重要。本文试图阐述对五个重要特征和九个本质要求的理解，分析中国面临的困难和挑战，并对中国式现代化建设提出建议。

中国式现代化的五个重要特征

中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化。实现中国式现代化必须充分认识到，要优先考虑所有人的需求，确保无一遗漏。中国政府旨在通过扎实推动共同富裕来创造一个惠及全体人民的社会，无论社会地位或收入水平如何。这种包容性的现代化方式对中国的持续发展和成功至关重要。

中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。为促进经济增长和减少贫困作出巨大努力是必要的。巨大的贫富差距是实现现代化的障碍，中国现已出台相关政策来解决这一问题。坚持以全体人民共同富裕为目标，中国可以创造一个更加公平与包容的社会，使现代化成果惠及全体人民，全民充分享受现代化红利。

中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。中国的文化遗产是其民族身份的重要组成部分，在塑造社会形态方面发挥重要作用。因此，现代化绝不能以抹杀历史或忽视人民的精神文明需求为代价。促进物质文明和精神文明相协调，中国可以创造一个既重视经济增长又重视文化遗产的社会，保障所有公民拥有可持续的、繁荣的未来。

The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through a Chinese Path to Modernization has become a hot topic in recent times.The report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposes the five key characteristics and nine essential requirements of the Chinese Path to Modernization. These characteristics and requirements are crucial in the pursuit of high-quality development, building a human community with a shared future, and creating a new form of human advancement. This article seeks to expound the understanding of the five key characteristics and nine essential requirements, analyze the difficulties and challenges for China, and give suggestions on China’s modernization.

The Five Key Characteristics of Chinese Path to Modernization

China’s enormous population presents a unique challenge in its pursuit of modernization. However, the Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that the process must prioritize the needs of all people and ensure that no one is left behind. By prioritizing the common prosperity of all people, the Chinese government aims to create a society that benefits everyone,regardless of social status or income level. This inclusive approach to modernization is essential for China’s continued growth and success.

The Chinese government recognizes that modernization must prioritize the common prosperity of all people and has made significant efforts to promote economic growth and reduce poverty. The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that a significant wealth gap between citizens is a barrier to modernization and has implemented policies to address this issue. By prioritizing the common prosperity of all people, China can create a more equitable and inclusive society that benefits everyone and ensures that no one is left behind in its pursuit of modernization.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that modernization must balance the development of the economy with the preservation of cultural heritage and promotion of social values. China’s cultural heritage is a significant part of its national identity and has played a crucial role in shaping its society. Therefore, modernization must not come at the cost of erasing the past or neglecting the spiritual and cultural needs of its people. By promoting both material and spiritual development, China can create a society that values both economic growth and cultural heritage, ensuring a sustainable and prosperous future for all its citizens.

2022年10月，中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会在北京召开

中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。经济快速发展的同时，中国迎来了巨大的环境挑战，如空气和水污染、森林砍伐和土壤退化等。因此，政府实施了促进可持续发展、降低污染水平和保护自然资源的政策。将环境保护放在首位，中国可以实现可持续的经济增长，并确保为子孙后代留住绿水青山与碧海蓝天。

中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化。中国坚持和平共处五项原则，强调所有的对话与协商都必须建立在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上。中国的和平发展外交政策加强了本国与其他国家的经济联系，并在促进国际合作和世界和平方面发挥着主导作用。在坚持走和平发展的道路上，中国为世界的稳定繁荣贡献中国智慧和力量。

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that modernization must prioritize environmental protection and promote a sustainable economy. China has faced significant environmental challenges due to its rapid economic growth,including air and water pollution, deforestation, and soil degradation. Therefore, the government has implemented policies to promote sustainable development, reduce pollution levels, and protect natural resources. By prioritizing environmental protection, China can achieve sustainable economic growth and ensure a healthy environment for future generations.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that modernization must be achieved through peaceful means,without engaging in military expansion or aggression towards other nations. China is committed to the principles of peaceful coexistence and has emphasized the importance of building mutually beneficial relationships with other nations based on respect and equality. China’s emphasis on peaceful development has allowed it to strengthen its economic ties with other countries and play a leading role in promoting international cooperation and world peace. By prioritizing peaceful coexistence, China can contribute to a more stable and prosperous global community.

中国式现代化的九个本质要求

中国式现代化强调，中国共产党在领导中国发展中发挥关键作用。党的领导确保中国式现代化锚定奋斗目标行稳致远，从科技创新到精准扶贫，党在制定中国经济与社会发展政策方面发挥重要作用。党的领导确保了政治稳定，是民族团结进步与社会安定和谐的根本保证。因此，中国共产党的领导对于实现中国式现代化目标和确保全体人民共同富裕至关重要。

中国式现代化强调，中国特色社会主义是中国现代化的指导思想。中国必须在坚持社会主义核心价值观和促进社会稳定的同时发展经济。这意味着，中国式现代化进程应注重增进民生福祉，提供平等机遇。国家的经济增长应惠及全体人民，政府应确保社会福利项目落地落实，以保障弱势群体基本生活。在坚持中国特色社会主义的指导下，中国可以实现可持续发展、促进社会和谐稳定、引领全体人民共同富裕。

中国式现代化强调，高质量发展是十分必要的。中国要推动经济实现质的提升与产业结构优化创新，其发展不仅要扩大经济规模，更要着眼于提高人民生活质量。中国要优先考虑可持续发展与创新以及产业结构优化升级，促进高附加值产业的发展，从而提高生产力并提升经济竞争力。追求高质量发展确保中国实现现代化目标，促进可持续增长，并为全球社会的繁荣作出贡献。

中国式现代化强调，发展全过程人民民主至关紧要。在中国，公民在其生活与社区的决策中都享有发言权，政府在决策过程中应强化公民参与，加强公民对政府政策的监督。这包括拓宽鼓励公民参与的渠道，如市政会议、公共听证会和网上论坛。发展全过程人民民主，中国将进一步实现人民当家作主，从而促进社会稳定，确保国家的现代化政策能想群众之所想、忧群众之所忧、急群众之所急。

The Nine Essential Requirements of Chinese Path to Modernization

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes the critical role of the Communist Party of China’s leadership in guiding the country’s development. The Party’s leadership ensures that the country’s modernization policies align with its strategic goals and national interests. The Party’s leadership has been instrumental in shaping China’s economic and social development policies, from promoting innovation and technological advancement to implementing poverty reduction programs. The Party’s leadership has also ensured political stability and provided a framework for national unity and social harmony. Therefore, the Communist Party’s leadership is essential for achieving China’s modernization goals and ensuring a prosperous future for all its citizens.

The Chinese Path to Modernization acknowledges that socialism with Chinese characteristics is the guiding ideology for China’s modernization. China must develop its economy while preserving socialist values and promoting social stability.This means that China’s modernization process should focus on improving people’s livelihoods and providing them with equal opportunities. The country’s economic growth should benefit all citizens, and the government should ensure that social welfare programs are in place to support the most vulnerable members of society. By prioritizing socialism with Chinese characteristics,China can achieve sustainable development, promote social harmony and stability, and realize the common prosperity of all its people.

The Chinese Path to Modernization prioritizes high-quality development, which involves improving the quality of economic growth, optimizing the industrial structure, and promoting innovation. China’s development should focus on enhancing the quality of life of its citizens, rather than just increasing the size of its economy. The country should prioritize sustainable development, innovation, and upgrading its industrial structure,to promote higher value-added industries, improve productivity,and boost the competitiveness of its economy. By pursuing highquality development, China can realize its modernization goals,promote sustainable growth, and contribute to the prosperity of the global community.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes the importance of people’s democracy throughout the modernization process. China believes that citizens should have a voice in the decisions that affect their lives and communities. The government should actively promote citizens’ participation in decision-making processes and enhance public oversight of government policies. This includes developing institutions that encourage citizen participation, such as town hall meetings, public hearings, and online forums. By promoting people’s democracy, China can foster a more engaged and active citizenry, promote social stability, and ensure that the country’s modernization policies align with citizens’ needs and aspirations.

中国式现代化强调，丰富人民精神世界将为全体公民带来福祉。中国式现代化不仅要注重经济发展，也要注重文化发展。国家要着力让更多文化遗产“活”起来，鼓励公民参加丰富文化生活的活动。这包括助推文化机构发展、守住文化遗产根脉，以及推广中国传统艺术，如书法、音乐和舞蹈等。丰富人民精神世界将促进中国社会和谐、提高人民生活质量，这是中国式现代化的重要组成部分。

中国式现代化强调，实现全体人民共同富裕为重大目标。这意味着，共同富裕的道路上不能让任何人掉队。为实现这一目标，中国必须实施有助于缩小收入差距的政策，如实施公平的税收政策和提高工资薪金等。政府还应确保平等获得教育和医疗保健的权利，每个公民都有机会发挥潜力。提高全体人民的生活水平也是至关重要的，这可以通过投资基础设施和为有需要的人提供社会安全网来实现。

中国式现代化强调，促进人与自然和谐共生在国家现代化进程中占重要地位。中国对生态文明的承诺要求减少污染、保护自然资源、促进可持续发展。国家已实施各项政策和法规以解决环境问题，如改善空气和水的质量、投资清洁能源等。中国的发展必须优先考虑生态可持续性，以确保为全民建设一个更加美好和光明的未来。

中国式现代化强调，文化多样性有利于人类文明的发展与现代化进程的推进。中国应坚持相互尊重、和平共处、互利共赢之路，以发展人类文明新形态。这条道路包括促进中外文化交流与对话，尊重中外差异并相互学习。推动构建具有共同利益和价值观的人类命运共同体，中国将同各国携手应对全球挑战，合作促进世界发展。

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that spiritual enrichment is essential for citizens’ overall wellbeing. China believes that modernization must not only focus on economic development but also on cultural development.The country must promote its cultural heritage and encourage citizens to participate in cultural activities that enrich their lives. This includes developing cultural institutions, preserving historic sites, and promoting traditional Chinese art forms,such as calligraphy, music, and dance. By prioritizing spiritual enrichment, China can promote social harmony and enhance citizens’ quality of life, which is an essential component of the Chinese Path to Modernization.

The Chinese Path to Modernization emphasizes the importance of common prosperity for all people, which means that no citizen should be left behind. To achieve this, China must prioritize policies that reduce income inequality, such as implementing fair taxation policies and increasing wages. The government must also ensure equal access to education and healthcare, so that every citizen has the opportunity to reach their full potential. Improving the standard of living for all citizens is also essential, which can be achieved by investing in infrastructure and providing social safety nets for those in need.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes the vital importance of environmental protection in the country’s modernization journey. China’s commitment to ecological civilization requires reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainable development. The country has implemented various policies and regulations to address environmental concerns, such as improving air and water quality and investing in clean energy. China’s development must prioritize ecological sustainability to ensure a better future for all citizens and the world at large.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that cultural diversity is essential for human civilization’s development, and promoting it is critical in modernization. China must value cooperation, mutual respect, and peaceful coexistence with other nations to develop a new form of human civilization. The path involves promoting cultural exchange and dialogue with other nations, respecting each other’s differences, and learning from each other. Through developing a global community with shared interests and values, China can work together with other nations to address global challenges and promote mutual development.

对中国式现代化的建议

尽管中国在现代化进程中取得进展，但仍然存在着困难与挑战。

环境恶化是中国面临的一大挑战。中国已出台各项政策来解决严重的空气、水和土壤污染问题，如推广可再生能源和加强环保法规制度建设等，但进展稍显缓慢。

收入不平等是中国面临的另一大挑战。虽然中国已使近亿人脱贫脱困，但城乡收入差距仍然很大。财富不平等现象也逐渐受到关注。

社会稳定对中国的发展至关重要。政府必须统筹兼顾经济增长和社会稳定，避免社会动荡。中国已经实施了反腐败和解决收入不平等的政策，但未来仍道阻且长。

中国面临着越来越激烈的国际竞争。近年来，中美关系愈加紧张。中国必须有效处理对外关系，促进和平合作的国际环境，并在全球舞台上捍卫自己的利益。

环境保护。环境保护是中国可持续发展的先决条件。为实现这一目标，政府必须将环境保护放在首位，并投资清洁能源。

一个关键的解决方案是增加可再生能源的使用。中国已经在该领域取得了重大进展，成为世界上最大的太阳能和风能生产国。政府应继续投资清洁能源，如风能、太阳能和水电，并促进电动汽车的使用，以减少交通的碳排放。

Suggestions on China’s Modernization

Despite China’s progress towards modernization, several challenges and difficulties remain. The following are some of the significant challenges facing China:

Environmental degradation is a significant challenge facing China. The country has suffered from severe air, water, and soil pollution. China has implemented various policies to address this issue, such as promoting renewable energy and strengthening environmental regulations, but progress is slow.

Income inequality is another challenge that China faces.While the country has lifted millions out of poverty, the income gap between urban and rural areas remains significant. Wealth inequality is also a growing concern.

Social stability is critical to China’s development. The government must balance economic growth with social stability to avoid social unrest. China has implemented policies to address issues such as corruption and inequality, but more work needs to be done to ensure social stability.

Finally, China faces increasing international competition. The tensions between China and The United States have risen in recent years.

Environmental protection. Environmental protection is crucial for China’s sustainable development. To achieve this goal, the government must prioritize environmental protection and invest in clean energy.

One of the key solutions is to increase the use of renewable energy. China has already made significant progress in this area,with the country becoming the world’s largest producer of solar and wind energy. The government should continue to invest in clean energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, and promote the use of electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions from transportation.

Another important strategy is to reduce pollution levels. The government should strengthen environmental regulations and enforce them effectively. It should also promote the use of clean technologies to reduce emissions from industries such as coal-fired power plants and steel production.

Conserving natural resources is also critical to environmental protection. The government should promote sustainable practices such as reforestation and land restoration to prevent soil erosion and desertification. It should also regulate the use of water resources to prevent over-extraction and ensure that water is used efficiently.

政府应加强环境法规建设，并有效执行以降低污染水平；还应促进清洁技术的使用，以减少燃煤电厂和钢铁等行业产生的排放。

保护自然资源也是环境保护的关键。政府应促进可持续发展，如重新造林和土地恢复，防止土壤流失和荒漠化；还应规范水资源的使用，防止过度开采，确保水资源的有效利用。

收入再分配。为解决收入不平等问题，中国政府必须深化收入再分配制度改革。该制度可以通过投资基础设施和促进农村地区的经济发展来缩小城乡之间以及不同地区之间的收入差距，同时实施针对富人的税收政策，将财富重新分配给低收入者。

政府应通过投资教育和提供就业培训项目，帮助个人发展自身所需技能，获得更高薪的工作，减少收入的不平等。

政府应鼓励在农村地区发展中小企业，为当地居民创造就业机会与收入。这可以通过向本土企业家提供财政支持和培训计划来实现。

政府应促进鼓励中等收入群体增长的政策。创造更多“人往高处走”的可能性，如增加接受教育和就业培训的机会，促进创业和创新，并为弱势群体构建社会安全网。

促进社会稳定。为实现这一目标，政府应改善教育和医疗的可及性、为弱势人群提供社会安全网等，从而解决不平等与腐败等社会问题。

政府应加强法律机构建设，推进法治建设，保障人民权益。这包括改善司法系统、反腐败和提升治理的透明度；努力促进社会和谐，培养民族团结意识，促进文化多样性。

政府应投资社会项目，为老年人、残疾人和低收入家庭等有需要的人提供援助，改善福利制度。这不仅有助于消除贫困和不平等，还能促进社会的公正与稳定。

Overall, environmental protection is an essential component of China’s sustainable development. The government should prioritize this issue and take concrete steps to reduce pollution levels, promote clean energy, and conserve natural resources.

Income redistribution. To address income inequality, China’s government must prioritize income redistribution policies. One such policy would be to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, as well as between different regions. This can be achieved by investing in infrastructure and promoting economic development in rural areas, while also implementing tax policies that target the wealthy and redistribute wealth to lower-income individuals.

Another key strategy would be to promote education and training programs to improve citizens’ employability. By investing in education and providing access to job training programs, the government can help individuals develop the skills they need to secure higher-paying jobs and reduce income inequality.

The government can also encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas, which would create jobs and generate income for the local population. This can be achieved by providing financial support and training programs to entrepreneurs in these regions.

Finally, the government should promote policies that encourage the growth of the middle class. This can be achieved by creating more opportunities for upward mobility, such as increasing access to education and job training programs,promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, and providing social safety nets for those who fall behind.

In summary, to reduce income inequality in China, the government must prioritize income redistribution policies,promote education and training programs, encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas,and promote policies that encourage the growth of the middle class. By taking these steps, China can ensure a more equitable distribution of wealth and achieve sustainable development for all its citizens.

Promoting social stability. Promoting social stability is crucial for China’s sustainable development. To achieve this, the government should prioritize addressing social issues such as inequality and corruption. This can be done by implementing policies that target the root causes of these issues, such as improving access to education and healthcare, and providing social safety nets to vulnerable populations.

The government should also strengthen legal institutions to ensure that the rule of law is upheld and that citizens’ rights are protected. This includes improving the judicial system, cracking down on corruption and promoting transparency in governance.Additionally, the government should work to promote social harmony by fostering a sense of national unity and promoting cultural diversity.

政府应鼓励民间社会组织和个人更多地参与解决社会问题。这可以通过向致力于解决社会问题的非政府组织和基层组织提供奖励和支持，以及发展公民参与的文化来实现。

国际合作。随着中国的全球影响力持续增长，国际合作交流至关重要。政府应通过支持允许中外更多交流思想和观点的项目来促进文化交流，这将涉及支持促进学生、学者和艺术家国际交流的举措，以及促进语言教育和文化交流的项目。

制定更有力的公共外交战略，扩大中国在海外的媒体影响力，以确保中国观点在全球新闻报道中得到准确体现。此外，中国可以努力提高其外语水平，投资培训更多的外语教师，以增强其沟通能力。

然而，探索和实践现代化道路是长期过程，还有很长的路要走。继续优先考虑全体人民共同富裕、环境保护以及独立自主的和平外交政策，中国可以实现其现代化目标，创造互利合作、相互尊重与和谐共处的人类文明新形态。

我们相信，中国式现代化的成功必将为其他寻求可持续经济增长、环境保护和社会发展的发展中国家贡献宝贵经验。

Another important aspect of promoting social stability is improving the welfare system. The government should invest in social programs that provide assistance to those in need, such as the elderly, disabled, and low-income families. This will not only help reduce poverty and inequality but also promote a sense of social justice and stability.

Moreover, the government should encourage greater participation by civil society organizations and individuals in addressing social issues. This can be achieved by providing incentives and support to NGOs and grassroots organizations that work to address social issues, and by fostering a culture of civic engagement and participation.

International cooperation. As China’s global influence continues to grow, it is crucial for the country to prioritize international cooperation and communication. One suggestion is to promote cultural exchange by investing in programs that allow for greater exchange of ideas and perspectives between China and other countries. This can involve supporting initiatives that facilitate international travel for students, scholars, and artists, and promoting language education and cultural exchange programs.

Another way to enhance international cooperation is to improve China’s international communication efforts. This includes developing a more robust public diplomacy strategy and expanding China’s media presence overseas to ensure that China’s perspective is represented accurately in global news coverage. In addition,China can work to improve its foreign language proficiency and invest in training more foreign language teachers to enhance its communication capabilities.

Finally, China should continue to develop its soft power as a means of enhancing its global influence. This can involve promoting China’s culture, values, and institutions to build a positive image of the country overseas.

China’s success in achieving its modernization goals can serve as a valuable model for other developing countries seeking to achieve economic growth, environmental protection, and social development.