李淑娣

英语中的语态可以分为主动语态和被动语态两种，这是根据主语和谓语动词之间的关系来划分的。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词就用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。被动语态的构成形式是“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，其中be的形式变化同系动词be。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，一定要注意与时态的联系，并注意将动词的用法放在具体的语言环境中加以掌握。本文就近年高考对被动语态（同时结合各种时态）的考查，做一简单的分类分析，希望能对同学们有所帮助。

一、 与现在时态的联合考查

【考例1】 With   more   forests   being

destroyed， huge quantities of good earth _  _ each year.

A. is washing away

B. is being washed away

C. are washing away

D. are being washed away

析：D。本题考查了两个知识点。其一是主谓一致：根据quantity的用法，可排除 A、B项;其二考查了语态，土壤是被冲走的，故选择D。

【考例2】 The number of deaths from

heart disease will be reduced greatly if people

___ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade           B. will persuade

C. be persuaded      D. are persuaded

析：D。当主句的时态为将来时态时，if引导的条件状语从句中的时态要用一般现在时态;people 是被劝说的，要用被动语态，故答案为D。

二、 與将来时态的联合考查

【考例3】—Dont you think it necessary that he ___ to Miami but to New York？

—I agree， but the problem is ___ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not sent; what

析：B。it necessary that 跟虚拟语气，且根据句意应该用被动语态“被送往Miami”，第二个空填that，引导表语从句。

三、 与过去时态的联合考查

【考例4】 The heros  story ___ differently in the newspapers.

A. was reported B. was reporting

C. reports             D. reported

析：A。此题考查动词的时态和语态问题。主语story 和谓语动词report 之间存在被动关系。

【考例5】—Why did you leave that position？

—I ___ a better position at IBM.

A. offer           B. offered

C. am offered        D. was offered析：D。offer 意为“提供”，显然I是被IBM 提供了工作并且事情发生在过去，因此D项正确。

【考例6】 More than a dozen students in that school ___ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent                 B. were sent

C. had sent            D. had been sent

析：B。根据句子的时间标志来看，时态应用过去时，句子表达被动意思，故答案为B。

四、 与完成时态的联合考查

【考例7】___ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A. Being separated   B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

析：C。这里用动词separate的完成被动形式作原因状语。本句的意思是：由于和其它大陆分离了数百万年，澳大利亚有着地球上其它大陆所没有发现的大量的动植物。

【考例8】 More patients ___ in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated          B. have treated

C. had been treated   D. have been treated

析：D。treat与patients是动宾关系，要用被动语态。this year是表示现在的时间状语，所以要用现在完成时。

五、 与不定式的联合考查

【考例9】 All these gifts must be mailed immediately ___ in time for Christmas.

A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving

析：C。根据句意“所有的礼物要被寄出和被收到”来判断应用被动式。另外，so as后要用不定式to be形式，故答案为C。

【考例10】 All the employees except the manager ___ to work online at home.

A. encourages         B. encourage

C. is encouraged     D. are encouraged

析：D。encourage与employees是动宾关系，要用被动语态。all the employees作主语，谓语动词要用复数，manager作except的宾语。

六、 与动名词的联合考查

【考例11】 What worried the child was

___ to visit his mother in the hospital.

A. his not allowing

B. his not being allowed

C. his being not allowed

D. having not been allowed

析：B。此题的关键是弄明白动名词在句中作表语，而不是现在分词形式，所以在这里应使用动名词的被动语态，故选B。

七、 与过去分词的联合考查

【考例12】 ___ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed        B. To dress

C. Dressing            D. Having dressed

析：A。過去分词dressed 相当于being dressed，作伴随状语，修饰后面的主句的动作。

【考例13】 The repair cost a lot， but its money well ___.

A. to spend            B. spent

C. being spent       D. spending

析：B。此题考查过去分词的用法。money 和spend 的关系是被动的，所以用过去分词。

八、 被动语态的几种特殊经典考例

【考例14】 Sara， hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to ___ before the party.

A. get changed  B. get change

C. get changing      D. get to change

析：A。get changed 意为“换衣服”，当get， become， go 等动词用作系动词，其表语是过去分词时，可以表示被动。

【考例15】 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge？ It will ___ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed          B. stay

C. be staying          D. have stayed

析：B。有些系動词由及物动词转化而来，应该注意三个方面：①连系动词后面一般跟形容词作表语，不能跟副词;②系动词后面不用进行时态;③系动词通常无被动语态，却可表达被动意义，如：stay， taste， smell， look， feel， sound， keep， prove等。

【考例16】 Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.

A. be put up          B. give in

C. be turned on      D. go out

析：D。有些不及物动词或动词短语本身就有被动意义，如：take place， happen， go out， break out， come up等等。

跟踪训练：

1. —Are we about to have dinner？

—Yes， it ___ in the dining-room.

A. has served         B. is being served

C. had been served  D. is going to serve

2. ___ where the sound laboratory ___？

A. Has it decided; will build

B. Has it been decided; will be built

C. Will it be decided; will be built

D. Is it decided; is built

3. —Hurry， Mary！You ___ on the phone.

—Oh， Im coming. Thank you.

A. want           B. are being wanted

C. are wanting       D. are wanted

4. One ___ if he or she breaks the law.

A. will be punished

B. will punish

C. is being punished

D. has been punished

5. He asked his mother for some money， but

___ a good scolding instead.

A. was being given   B. had been given

C. was given         D. gave

6. —Why does Mary look so sad？

—Because she ___ by her classmates.

A. has been laughed

B. has laughed at

C. had laughed at

D. has been laughed at

7. —Has the hotel been put to use？

—No， it ___.

A. was built       B. has been built

C. is finished         D. is being built

8. Pollution is getting worse and worse today. So more attention ___ to preventing it.

A. have been paid    B. is to pay

C. should be paid     D. must pay

9. —How are you today？

—Oh， I ___ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A. didnt feel     B. wasnt felt

C. dont feel    D. havent felt

10. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He ___ when trying to save a child in the earth-quake.

A. killed                B. is killed

C. was killed          D. was killing