刘加平/LIU Jiaping

梁思成先生于1962年在《人民日报》发表系列科普文章，一方面阐释了建筑设计如何遵循坚固、实用和美观三原则，另一方面给出了建筑学学科同时具备社会科学、技术科学和艺术学三重属性的定义。事实上，梁思成先生自宾夕法尼亚大学毕业回国后，一直将这一理念渗透在他毕生的建筑教育事业之中。源自于原东北工学院及苏南工专等四院校的“西冶”1）建筑系，在全然继承梁思成先生创立的建筑教育体系的基础上，一直在践行和丰富职业建筑师综合素质教育的理念和思想。自1956年招收第一届建筑学本科专业至今，“西冶”建筑学院（系）已培养出13,000余名本科、硕士和博士毕业生。在历届毕业学子中涌现出的业界翘楚们，倶皆重视地域建筑文化、强调适应性建筑技术的应用，保留着很深的“梁氏”烙印。我在研究生学习阶段有幸从物理学转为建筑物理学、主攻建筑热工与节能设计，由我这位“外行”来撰写“西冶”建筑学人介绍，难免以偏概全，不足以窥其全貌，只能仅凭在“西冶”任教学习40年的阅历和目睹建筑学院在改革开放大潮中跌宕起伏的过程，汇集那些弥散在脑海里的印象点滴成文，权以为序。

新中国成立后国家进行建筑院系调整和布局的初心，是由“西冶”担负起培养服务于西北乃至西部的建筑设计与城市规划人才的责任。20世纪五六十年代至今，学校经历了数次隶属关系变更和更名，服务对象从城乡建设领域转移到冶金和采矿行业又回归到城乡建设，故而“西冶”培养的建筑类专业毕业生遍布建筑、城乡规划、有色、冶金和采矿领域。师承的严谨、西迁的初心、始终不移的坚守，历经数十年的演化和积淀，“西冶”的建筑学教育风格逐渐显现：基础扎实、功夫到家、朴素无华、持之以恒。许多毕业生服从国家分配，扎根西部、任劳任怨、淡泊名利，全身心服务于少数民族地区乃至艰苦行业，1956年迁至西安后第一届入学的毕业生、著名建筑大师王小东院士是“文革”前10年众多“西冶”建筑学子的杰出代表。

1977年恢复高考，西安建筑科技大学亦随即恢复招收建筑学本科专业学生。传统的教学培养方案得以沿袭，教学与实践过程健全，学生的综合素质一如以往。新三届（77、78、79级）毕业生大多成为改革开放中城乡规划和建筑设计行业的骨干和学术领头人，2015年当选中国科学院院士的1978级毕业生常青教授，是他们中的典型代表。1980年代后，随着国家改革开放力度的逐步加大，国内建筑院校开始参与国际建筑师协会（UIA）组织的大学生建筑设计竞赛。“西冶”建筑学子们与兄弟院校一起，尽情地向国际建筑学界展示出了他们的严格训练、设计功底和专业才华。“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”，“西冶”建筑学子1984年首次参赛即荣获铜奖，此后30多年来连续参赛并获奖，不经意间成为国际上获此竞赛奖项最多的建筑学校。历届获奖的优秀毕业生在其职业生涯中为我国建筑设计行业的整体进步做出了重大贡献，成为业内的翘楚。

随着国力的日益强大，中国正在逐渐成为世界的标杆，文化自信和绿色发展更成为社会进步的引领与标志。“西冶”建筑学人紧跟时代步伐，率先以学术团队形式开展服务国家重大需求的理论探索、设计创作和应用实践研究。先后获得我国建筑学类学科第一个国家创新研究群体科学基金资助，获准建筑类学科第一个国家自然科学基金重大项目资助；建立了业内唯一以绿色建筑命名的“西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室”和“西部绿色建筑国家级协同创新中心”以及“西部绿色建筑与环境控制技术学科创新引智基地”；入选“高等学校学科创新引智计划”（111计划） 。依托这些国家级平台，多个团队在相关研究方向团结协作，形成了多个重点研究方向，包括以刘克成教授和林源教授为代表的建成遗产保护方向，以王树声教授和陈晓键团队为代表的本土城市规划方向，以王小东院士和雷振东教授为代表的西部建筑和乡村规划方向，以刘加平院士和国家“杰出青年”获得者、长江学者特聘教授杨柳为代表的绿色建筑设计方向，国家“杰出青年”获得者、长江学者特聘教授王怡和长江学者特聘教授刘艳峰为代表的绿色建筑技术方向，其承担的任务和取得的创新成果，分别代表着我国在各自方向的学术水平，在国内外建筑学界享有盛誉。紧随其后的百余名“80后”青年建筑学子们奉行“韬光养晦”理念，蓄势待发，定将成为新时代中国建筑设计界的栋梁。

新时代绿色发展已经开局，“碳达峰”“碳中和”已成为新时代的发展主流之时，“高品质绿色宜居建设、建筑文化自信下的建筑创新、绿色低碳的城乡统筹发展”将成为建筑业新时代的主旋律。“西冶”建筑学人将秉持“自信、自强、坚韧、求实”的学术传统，根植西北，践行使命担当。

注释

1）1956年成立之时校名为：西安建筑工程学院；1959年更名为：西安冶金学院；1963年更名为西安冶金建筑学院；1994年更名为：西安建筑科技大学（现用名）。在西建大建筑学人的集体记忆中“西冶”是个更具时代感的称谓。

Mr. LIANG Sicheng published a series of special popular science articles in People's Daily in 1962. On the one hand, he explained how to follow the three fundamental principles of stability, utility and beauty through architectural design. On the other hand, he gave the definition maintaining social science, technological science and art as the triple essential attributes for architecture. In fact, since his return after graduation from the University of Pennsylvania, Mr. LIANG had persevered in this idea through his lifelong architectural education career. Originated from the four well known old institutions for architectural education in China including the former Northeast Institute of Technology and Sunan Institute of Technology while inheriting the architectural education system founded by Mr. LIANG, the architecture department of "XIYE"1), has always been implementing and improving the ideas and thoughts of comprehensive quality oriented education for professional architects. Up to now, more than 13,000 undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students have been educated in the architecture college (department) of "XIYE", since its first round of architecture undergraduate students were recruited in 1956. The industry elites emerging from the past graduates, still bear the deep LIANG's imprint, as they all attach great importance to regional architectural cultures and highlight the application of adaptive architectural technologies. During my postgraduate study, I was fortunate enough to change my major from physics to architectural physics, with the minor focusing on thermal engineering and energy-saving design for buildings. It is therefore inevitably biased or limited for me, as a "layman" of the field, to write this introduction and to show the overall picture of "XIYE" architecture alumni. What I can only rely on to finalise this prologue, should then be my 40 years of teaching and learning experience in "XIYE", ups and downs of the architecture college I witnessed in the process of National Reform and Opening Up, together with impressions and tidbits that are still dispersing and remaining in my minds.

After the founding of People's Republic of China and through the National Architectural College Department Adjustment, to take the responsibility of cultivating architectural design and urban planning talents to serve the Northwest and even the West became the original mission that the country set for "XIYE". Since the 1950s and 1960s, the institution has experienced affiliation and name changing for several times, with its serving field firstly shifting to metallurgy and mining industry and then back to urban and rural construction. Therefore, the architecture majored graduates cultivated by "XIYE" can be found throughout all fields of architecture, urban and rural planning, nonferrous metals, metallurgy and mining. Due to the inherited rigorousness, the consistent intention of westward migration and the unshaken persistence of the institution, after decades of accumulation and evolution, the education style of "XIYE" architecture has been gradually emerging with the following keywords: strong background, professional performance, plain and persistent personality. Many graduates obeyed the state work allocations, took root in the west, bore hardship without complaint, showed indifference to fame or wealth and dedicated their lives to serving minority regions and even hard industries. WANG Xiaodong, one of the first graduates, Academician and famous architect who moved to Xi'an in 1956, was an outstanding representative of "XIYE" architecture alumni during the ten years before the "Cultural Revolution".

With the National College Entrance Examination resumed in 1977, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology also resumed the recruitment of undergraduate students majoring in architecture. The high comprehensive quality of graduates got maintained, as the traditional education programme together with the sound teaching and practice process could be carried on as before. In the process of National Reform and Opening Up, most graduates of the New Thirds (school graduates of 1977-1979) have become the industry or academic leaders in the field of architectural design, or urban and rural planning. Professor CHANG Qing, one of the graduates from grade 1978, who was elected as the academician in the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015, is a typical representative of them. After the 1980s, with the National Reform and Opening Up gradually stepping up, domestic architectural colleges in China began to participate in the architectural design competition of university students organised by the International Union of Architects (UIA). Together with other universities, "XIYE" had its strictly trained design skills and professional talents heartily shown to the international architecture academy by its architecture students. "Honing gives a sharp edge to a sword, and bitter cold adds keen fragrance to plum blossom". The architecture students of "XIYE" won the Bronze Award in 1984 when they first participated in the competition. Since then through rounds of the competition, they have won awards continuously for more than 30 years. Inadvertently, it has become the architectural institution with most awards won in this international competition. As previous winners, many outstanding graduates have made great contributions in their career to the overall progress of China's architectural design industry and become leaders in their profession.

With the growing national power, China is gradually becoming the benchmark of the world, while cultural confidence and green development starts to symbolise and lead its social progress. "XIYE" architecture alumni kept up with the times and took the lead in carrying out theoretical exploration, design creation and application practice research in the form of academic team to serve the major needs of the country. Over the years, it had received China's first National Science Fund for Innovative Research Group in architecture discipline, had won China's first National Natural Science Foundation Major Project in architecture discipline; had established the "State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China", "Green Architecture Collaborative Innovation Centre in Western China" as well as "Innovation and Talent Introduction Base of Green Building and Environmental Control Technology in Western China", all unique in the field entitled with green building; and had been selected for the "Plan of Talent Introduction for University Disciplines" (111 Plan). Relying on these national platforms, and collaborations over related research directions among different research teams, a number of key research directions has been formed, including the direction of Heritage Conservation represented by Prof. LIU Kecheng and LIN Yuan, the direction of Domestic Urban Planning represented by Prof. WANG Shusheng and the team of Prof. CHEN Xiaojian, the direction of Western Architecture and Rural Planning represented by Academician WANG Xiaodong and Prof. LEI Zhendong, the direction of Green building design represented by Academician LIU Jiaping and Prof. YANG Liu, winner of National Funds for Distinguished Youths and Chang Jiang Scholar, and the direction of Green building technology represented by Prof. WANG Yi, winner of National Funds for Distinguished Youths and Chang Jiang Scholar, together with Prof. LIU Yanfeng, winner of Chang Jiang Scholar. The tasks undertook and the innovative achievements obtained by them represent the highest academic level of the country respectively, and enjoy a high reputation in domestic and international architecture academy. And another more than 100 "post-80s" young architecture students, with "keeping a low profile" in mind, are going to become the pillars of Chinese architectural design industry in the new era.

The competition of green development has begun in a new era. When the "Carbon Peak" and "Carbon Neutrality" dominate the mainstream of development, "high quality and green livable construction, architectural innovation under the confidence of architectural culture, together with green and low-carbon balanced rural and urban development" will become the main theme of construction industry in this new era. "XIYE" architecture alumni will take root in the northwest, adhere to their academic tradition of "selfconfidence, self-improvement, tenacity and realism", and fulfill their missions and responsibilities.

Note

1) When founded in 1956, the institution was named Xi'an Institute of Architecture and Engineering; In 1959, it was renamed as Xi'an Institute of Metallurgy; In 1963, it was further renamed as Xi'an Institute of Metallurgy and Architecture; In 1994, it was renamed as Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (Current name). "XIYE" exhibits as a more reminiscent title of the institution for the collective memory of the XAUAT architecture alumni.