王庆光

动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考英语考查的热点和重点之一。下面就来介绍解动词时态题的几个技巧。

一、寻找时间标志词，巧解时态题

[思路点拨] 通常来说，每一种时态都有与其搭配使用的时间状语，因此，解题时应首先寻找题干中的时间状语标志词，据此确定时态，从而解题。

以下是八种基本时态及其经常与之连用的时间状语：

一般现在时：always， often， usually， every day， sometimes， once a week...

一般过去时：yesterday morning / afternoon...， last year / week / month...， ... weeks / months / years ago， in 1999...

一般将来时：tomorrow morning / afternoon...， next week / month...， in 5 years...

现在进行时：now， at present， at the moment...

过去进行时：at this time yesterday， at... yesterday morning / evening...

过去将来时：常根据上下语境来判断。

现在完成时：since last year， for a month， already， yet， ever， never， several times， lately， recently， before， during / over the last ten years...

过去完成时：by the end of last term， till 2003...

[真题回放]

1. Scientists think that the continents ______always where they _______ today.

A. arent; are             B. arent; were

C. werent; are     D. werent; were

2. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic.

A. were going to fly

B. well be flying

C. well fly               D. were to fly

[答案与简析] 1. C。根据句末时间状语today的提示，可以推知句意为“大陆过去并非总是位于它们现在所在的位置”，所以第一空用一般过去时，第二空用一般现在时。

2. B。表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作要用将来进行时态， at this time tomorrow是时间标志词。

二、利用“时态呼应”原则，巧解时态题

有不少高考试题是从“时态呼应”的角度命制的，因此我们可以从这一角度入手解题。

[思路点拨] （1）含时间状语从句及条件状语从句的主、从句时态要呼应：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时;（2）宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要和主句的谓语动词时态相呼应：①如果主句谓语动词是现在或将来时态，则从句动词可用所需要的任何時态; ②主句动词为过去时，则从句动词须用合适的某种过去时态。

[真题回放] 1. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______from the university next year.

A. will graduate        B. will have graduated

C. graduates            D. is to graduate

2. The water will be further polluted unless

some measures _______.

A. will be taken         B. are taken

C. were taken       D. had been taken

归纳总结

Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it.

—Berlin

生活有百分之十在于你如何塑造它，有百分之九十在于你如何对待它。

——柏林

3. We were all surprised when he made it clear

that he _______ office soon.

A. leaves                    B. would leave

C. left                         D. had left

4. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets  _______.

A. was booked       B. had been booked

C. were booked     D. have been booked

[答案与简析] 1. C。by the time... 意为“到……时”，它所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来。2. B。主句用了一般将来时态，unless（除非）引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。3. B。宾语从句中的谓语动词leave所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词made之后，故用过去将来时态。4. B。主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时，而从句的谓语book（预定）所表示的动作发生在它之前，且表被动，故B为正确选项。

三、 捕捉语境中的隐含时间，巧解时态题

在近几年的高考试题中，时态常被放在一个小语境或者是包含两三个句子的小对话中来考查，题干中往往也没有明确的时间状语，这时又该如何着手呢？

[思路点拨]不是没有时间状语，而是时间状语比较隐蔽。这时要分析语境，捕捉题干中对动作发生时间的暗含信息：可以把语境里完整句子中的动词或者另一相关动词所发生的时间作为参照时间，再把选项中的动词与之比较，看看它所表示的動作是发生在参照时间之前、之后，还是正在进行，从而确定应该用什么时态。

[真题回放]

1. Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut                 B. are cut

C. are being cut   D. had been cut

2. —Whats wrong with your coat？

—Just now when I wanted to get off the bus， the man next to me _______ on it.

A. sat                             B. had sat

C. had been sitting  D. was sitting

3. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so

Im afraid I _______ half of it.

A. was missing                   B. had missed

C. will miss                  D. missed

4. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A. were deciding      B. have decided

C. decided                     D. will decide

5. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _______ placed under the Ministers car.

A. has been                     B. was being

C. had been                    D. would be

[答案与简析]

1. C。后半句说雨林将会消失（will disappear），因此前面的空格应该是“现在正在被砍伐”，故C为正确选项。2. D。just now是过去时间参照点，在那时sit的动作正在发生，所以用过去进行时。3. D。应把wasnt作为参照时间，而选项动词miss与其并列，且不强调正在进行，故用一般过去式即可。 4. B。后面宾语从句中用了一般将来时wont support，根据时态呼应原则可知选项A和C都不对。前半句用过去进行时说明他原打算出国学习，但他的父母却已经作出决定将不资助他，所以B为正确选项。5. C。把过去式（was suddenly caught）作为标准参照时间，而选项动词所表示的的动作在那之前已经完成，属“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时态。