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竖脊肌阻滞和椎旁神经阻滞用于胸腔镜下肺叶切除术术后镇痛的比较

2019-11-08李孝争刘美荣李国振柴秋平赵同新

中外医疗 2019年23期
关键词:肺叶切除术镇痛

李孝争 刘美荣 李国振 柴秋平 赵同新

[摘要] 目的 對比超声引导下竖脊肌阻滞与椎旁神经阻滞在胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后镇痛效果差异。 方法 方便选择2018年2月—2019年2月期间于该院进行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者40例,采用随机数字表法分为两组(n=20):超声引导胸椎旁阻滞组(P组)和超声引导竖脊肌阻滞组(E组)。两组患者按分组分别行阻滞手术并置管。分别记录两组患者神经阻滞所需时间以及阻滞操作中造成的局部组织和血管损伤情况。并分别于2、4、6、24和48 h时记录患者VAS评分。同时记录患者消化道、呼吸系统及皮肤等器官不良反应。 结果 两组神经阻滞操作耗时相比,E组(3.8±1.9)min明显短于P组(5.1±2.1)min,差异有统计学意义(t=4.214 5,P=0.047 0),两组患者术后2、4、6、24和48 h时VAS评分比较,E组明显低于P组,各时间段两组差异有统计学意义(t=50.865 4、71.111 1、18.560 4、11.045 8、8.910 9,P=0.000 0、0.000 0、0.000 1、0.002 0、0.004 9);两组补救镇痛发生情况相同,均为5%;P组发生不良反应3例,E组4例,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.243 243,P=0.071 7)。两组患者均未发生严重的局部组织、血管损伤。 结论 对于胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者,应用超声引导竖脊肌阻滞镇痛效果更优,值得临床推广应用。

[关键词] 竖脊肌阻滞;椎旁神经阻滞;肺叶切除术;镇痛

[中图分类号] R614          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2019)08(b)-0050-03

[Abstract] Objective To compare the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block and paravertebral nerve block after thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods Forty patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were convenient randomly divided into two groups (n=20): ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (group P) and ultrasound-guided erector spinae block group (group E). The two groups of patients underwent block surgery and catheterization. The time required for nerve block in both groups and the local tissue and vascular damage caused by the block operation were recorded separately. Patient VAS scores were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h, respectively. At the same time, the patient's digestive tract, respiratory system and skin and other adverse reactions were recorded. Results Compared with the time-consuming operation of the two groups, the group E (3.8±1.9) min was significantly shorter than the group P (5.1±2.1) min, and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.214 5 P=0.047 0). The VAS scores at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after surgery were significantly lower in group E than in group P. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=50.865 4, 71.111 1, 18.560 4, 11.045 8, 8.910 9, P=0.000 0, 0.000 0, 0.000 1, 0.002 0, 0.004 9); the two groups had the same remedy for analgesia, both were 5%; 3 patients had adverse reactions in group P, and 4 patients in group E. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(χ2=3.2432 43, P=0.071 7). No serious local tissue or vascular injury occurred in either group. Conclusion For patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy, the effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block is better, which is worthy of clinical application.

两组患者均未发生严重的局部组织、血管损伤。可见,竖脊肌平面阻滞技术相对于椎旁神经阻滞技术具有操作简单的优点。该研究结果与夏玉中等人[8]的研究结果基本一致,在其研究中,竖脊肌平面阻滞操作时间为(4.0±1.4)min,显著短于胸椎旁神经阻滞时间(4.9±1.6)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术中瑞芬太尼总用量、吗啡累计用量、恶心呕吐发生率及补救镇痛率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,竖脊肌平面阻滞的安全性高,超声引导下能够清晰识别横突与肌肉间隙,进针损伤小且不易造成气胸和硬膜外血肿[9]。

综上所述,竖脊肌神经阻滞在胸外科手术中的应用尚未普及,仍需更多成功经验的积累。在应用该技术时,合理把握阻滞范围仍具有很大挑战。首先竖脊肌由棘肌、最长肌和髂肋肌3部分组成,超声引导下注射药物时一般选择最长肌和脊肌间隙作为入路,实现合理的神经阻滞效果;其次麻醉药物用量也是影响阻滞范围的重要因素,针对老年患者、患儿等特殊人群应酌情减量,避免阻滞范围过广。因此,探索竖脊肌神经阻滞技术的合理应用和临床适应证仍然是当下研究的重点。

[参考文献]

[1]  Forero M,Adhikary S D,Lopez H,et al. The erector spinae plane block: a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neurop athic pain[J]. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 2016, 41(5):1.

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[3]  马丹旭,任惠龙,芮燕,等.超声引导下单次竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜下肺叶切除患者静脉自控镇痛效果的影响[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2017,33(10):965-967.

[4]  李凯,朱志华,高明,等.后路与肋缘下腹横平面阻滞对术后镇痛的对比[J].中华实验外科杂志,2015,32(8):2019-2021.

[5]  廖小勇,葛明建.胸外科术后镇痛研究进展[J].医学综述,2018,24(3):581-585.

[6]  汪俊恺,何莹,陈悦,等.超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞在胸腔镜肺癌根治术术后镇痛中的应用[J].浙江医学,2018,40(20):2268-2270.

[7]  蔡畅,李林,李炎,等.超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞在单孔胸腔镜手术中的应用[J].新医学,2018,49(10):731-734.

[8]  夏玉中,卜慧莲,张洁, 等.超声引导竖脊肌平面阻滞用于胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后镇痛的效果:与胸椎旁神经阻滞比较[J].中华麻醉学杂志,2018,38(3):332-335.

[9]  Adhikary SD, Bernard S, Lopez H,et al. Erector spinae plane block versus retrolaminar block: a magnetic resonance imagi ng and anatomical study[J].Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 2018, 43(7): 756-762.

(收稿日期:2019-05-19)

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