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医学英语中从句的省略及翻译

2012-01-27毕静芝

中国科技信息 2012年10期
关键词:文登主句省略

毕静芝

山东省文登整骨医院 ,山东文登 264400

医学英语中从句的省略及翻译

毕静芝

山东省文登整骨医院 ,山东文登 264400

英语中省略的情况很常见,翻译过程中如何补充省略的部分则显得尤为重要。本文主要就than引导的从句中的省略情况来讨论医学英语中从句的省略翻译。

医学英语;从句;省略与翻译

英语中省略的情况很多,有一些词或成份在英语中可以省略,但按汉语语法却不能省略,如果省略了,译成汉语就晦涩难懂,不够通畅,所以,出于语法结构和修辞效果的考虑,则必须补充其省略的部分,以使译文意义更完整、更准确。英语口语中的省略情况大都局限于简单句,书面语中的省略则多见于复合句。本文将以than 引导的从句中的省略情况来谈一谈医学英语中从句的省略翻译。

than这一连词引导的是比较状语从句,一般这种比较状语从句都是不完全的,省略的情况有以下几种:

1、从句里的谓语动词(包括宾语和状语)与主句相同,为了避免重复,以代动词do代替

例如:

The attempt to explain the increase of atherosclerosis in the postwar years from the point of view of nervous theory leads to the conclusion that people of all countries suffered in the postwar years from greater nervous strain than they did in the year during World War II.

译文:试图从神经学说的观点出发来解释战后动脉粥样硬化发病率的增加,就得出了这样结论:各个国家的人们在战后比第二次世界大战期间神经更为紧张。(此句中的代动词did代替了suffered from great nervous strain.)

They generally differ more from each other than do the individuals of any one species in a state of nature.

译文:一般来说,它们彼此间的差异大于自然状态下任何物种中个体间的差异。(此句中的代动词do代替了主句中已有的differ from each other,而且倒装于从句之首。)

有时甚至将整个谓语都予以省略,例如:Mental workers are more often affected by atherosclerosis and IHD (ischemic heart disease) than manual workers.

译文:脑力劳动者较体力劳动者更常罹患动脉粥样硬化症及缺血性心脏病。

2、从句中省略了宾语

例如:

For such patients diets with lower fat content and less calories than they are used to have should be strictly adapted.

译文:对于此类患者,他们饮食中的脂肪含量和热量要比以前的低,应严格调配。(此句中在have的后面省略了宾语diets。)

3、从句中省略了复合谓语或表语

例如:

Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct is of greater surgical interest than congenital atresia, because it is so much more amenable to surgical treatment.

译文:先天性总胆管扩张较先天性总胆管闭塞更具有外科学上的意义,因为在手术上它比后者要好治得多。(此句里面than引导的从句中的主语congenital atresia后省略了is of great surgical interest 这一复合谓语。)

At bronchography the peripheral bronchi were far more difficult to visualize than they were last time,because they had been filled with pus and narrowed by mucosal edema.

译文:支气管造影时,外周支气管由于充满浓液及因黏膜水肿而变窄,远较上次(造影时)难于显现。(此句中,在从句中的were之后省略了表语difficult to visualize。)

4、从句中省略了主语和谓语

例如:

Radiologists tend to use plain chest radiography as diagnostic procedure in cardiovascular disease more often than angiocardiography.

译文:在诊断心血管疾患方面,放射科医师倾向于把摄取胸部平片作为一种比心血管造影术更常采用的方法。(从句中的主语和谓语都省略了,只剩下宾语angiocardiography。)

有时可能仅省略主语,例如:

In general, the more advanced coronary arteriosclerosis in white Americans and white South Africans is accompanied by considerably more biochemically demonstrable lipid than is seen in African subjects.

译文:一般来说,在美国白人和南非白人中,冠状动脉硬化症病情较重者,可用生化方法证明其血脂浓度要比非洲黑人的高得多。(在than后面省略了主语biochemically demonstrable lipid。)

5、than从句本身包含了主句及从句,省略了的是主句,剩下的往往是when或if引起的从句

例如:

It is well known that atherosclerosis with coronary insufficiency is more likely to occur when physical activity is restricted than when it is not restricted.

译文:众所周知,动脉粥样硬化症伴冠状动脉供血不足,在体力活动限制的情况下,比体力活动不加限制的情况下更可能发生。(than 后面的比较状语从句atherosclerosis…is likely to occur 完全省略了。When it is not restricted 是修饰省略了的比较状语从句的。)

It is interesting that the degree of emphysema judged from films made in life is more marked than if it is assessed at autopsy.

译文:有意义的是患者生前所摄胸片判定肺气肿的程度比尸检更为显著。(than后面的比较状语从句也完全省略了,if引起的条件状语从句是修饰省略了的比较状语从句的。)

根据上述几种类型的省略情况,可以归纳出这样的规律:从句里的成分与主句相同的可以省略;所比较的形容词或副词,只需在主句里说比较级,不需在从句里说原级。

[1]张志鸿.医学英语翻译技巧[M].人民卫生出版社,1981.

毕静芝,大学本科,副译审,研究方向:医学英语。

10.3969/j.issn.1001-8972.2012.10.138

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