谢　昊

1.Alison was the first one to skate, and has been skating for the whole five hours.

阿里森是第一个开始滑冰的，到现在一直滑了整整五个小时。

解读 (1)“be the+序数词+to do sth.”是第几个做某事的。例如:

Im the oldest in my family, so Im the last one to take a shower.

我在家里年龄最大，所以我是最后一个淋浴。

Ellen is always the first one to come to school and the last to leave in our class.

在我们班上，伊伦总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。

Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.

妇女和儿童是第一批登上救生船的。

(2)whole主要用法有：

①常与定冠词、物主代词等连用，修饰单数名词，意思是“全部的，所有的”。例如：

The whole country is getting ready for the 2008 Olympic Games.

整个国家都在为2008年奥运会作准备。

Thats my whole story. 这就是我的全部经历。

②修饰复数名词，或与不定冠词a连用修饰单数名词，意思是“整整的，不少于”。例如：

Weve been waiting here for the whole 3 hours.

我们在这儿等了整整三个小时。

Theyll stay at our school for a whole year.

他们将在我们学校呆上整整一年。

须注意的是：whole后面不能接专有名词或代词，如不能说whole France, whole it,而应说the whole of France, the whole of it;但可以说the whole United States。

比较 all也表示“全部的，所有的”，但它与whole用法不同：

①all强调个体，后常接复数名词；whole强调整体，后常接单数名词。例如：

The whole world is expecting new medicine for AIDS.

(=All the people in the world are expecting new medicine for AIDS.)

全世界都在企盼一种能治疗艾滋病的新药。

②all要放在定冠词、物主代词等前面，而whole一般要放在这些词的后面。例如：

All the students in the school are busy with the test.

(=The whole school is busy with the test.)

整个学校都在忙于考试。

下列说法是有差别的：

all China 全中国(指各地区或全国人民)

the whole of China 整个中国(指领土)

应用 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

①____ (整个城市) was busy killing mice.

②We stayed up for ____ (一通宵).

③Kari looked after her sick mother ____ (全心全意地).

④My brother has been out for ____ (整整三年).

⑤The machine is made in China; ____ (全身) is green.

解答

①The whole city ②a whole night ③with her whole heart ④the whole 3 years ⑤the whole of it

2.Hes been collecting kites since he was ten years old.

他从十岁开始一直收集风筝。

解读 since的用法除本单元“词汇积累”中所讲述的外，还要注意以下几点：

①常与现在完成时态或完成进行时态连用。例如：

Ive had so many falls since I began to learn to skate.

从我开始学滑冰以来，我摔了不少的跤。

The old man has been collecting waste bottles for recycling since last autumn. 从去年秋天开始，那老头一直坚持收集废瓶子供再利用。

②含since引导的时间状语(或从句)的主句谓语动词必须是持续性动词。例如：

Mr Morgan has been away from home since two years ago.

摩根先生已经两年没回家了。(谓语动词用be away,不能用leave)

The lights have been out since the wind began to blow.

自从起风，灯就一直熄着。(谓语动词用be out,不能用go out)

③含since引导的状语(或从句)的句子可以转换为下列结构：

a.Its+时间+since+从句

b.时间+has passed+从句

c.for+时间

例如：

Elen has been collecting snow globes since 10 years ago.

→Its 10 years since Elen began to collect snow globes.

→10 years has passed since Elen began to collect snow globes.

→Elen has been collecting snow globes for 10 years.

伊伦收藏雪花玻璃球已经十年了。

警示 since作连词，引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词一般应是非持续性动词，若是“持续性动词”，则意思大相径庭，试比较下列句子：

Two years has passed since I smoked. (持续性动词)

我戒烟已经两年了。

Two years has passed since I began to smoke. (非持续性动词)

我吸烟已经两年了。

也就是说，since从句中若是持续性动词，那么时间计算应从该动作结束时算起，“吸烟”的结束自然是“戒烟”。

不过在一些双方都明白的谈话场合或具体的语境中，since从句中用何种动词并无多大的区别。

应用 指出下列句子中的错误，并改正。

①Shes been watching TV since shes come back.

②Mike has been joining the music club since he was 12 years old.

③Over 4 months have passed since Erik began to listen to music videos.

④Wen Li has been making kites since about two years.

解答

①shes come→she camesince从句中常用一般过去时态。

②joining→injoin是非持续性动词。

③have→has “时间”作主语，一般视为一个整体，谓语用单数形式。

④since→for “一段时间”用for引导。

3.Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster.

谢谢你送给我怪物雪花玻璃球。

解答 (1)在sending me the snow globe of the monster中，动词send后接两个宾语：指“人”的那个宾语(me)被称为“间接宾语”，指“物”的那个宾语(the snow globe of the monster)被称为“直接宾语”。间接宾语与直接宾语合称为“双宾语”。像send这样能接双宾语的动词常见的有：

①give(给)，show(给……看)，bring(拿来)，pass(递给),leave(留给),lend(借)， read(读)，hand(递给)，tell(告诉)，write(写)，throw(扔)，wish(希望)，teach(教)和ask(问)等。例如：

Pass me the pepper. 把胡椒粉递过来。

Could you lend me your eraser? 你能把橡皮擦借给我(用一下)吗？

Remember to write us a note as soon as you get there.

记住一到那儿就给我们写一封短信。

Wish you a merry Christmas. 祝你圣诞快乐。

②make(制作)，buy(买)，choose(选择)，get(拿)，draw(画), sing(唱), cook(烹调), find(找到)，do(干)，play(演奏)，order(定购)和save(节省)等。例如：

Please sing us an English song, Marcia?

玛莎，给我们唱一首英语歌吧！

Yesterday Mum cooked me a large pizza.

昨天，妈妈给我做了一个大比萨饼。

Ill get them something nice to eat. 我将给他们弄点好吃的东西。

I hope you will do me a favor. 我希望你能帮我一个忙。

(2)一般情况下，间接宾语可以与直接宾语换位；若是上述第一类动词后的双宾语，用to连接，若是第二类动词，用for连接。例如：

Dad sent me a photo last week.

→Dad sent a photo to me last week. 爸爸上周寄给我一张照片。

Could you make her a kite?

→Could you make a kite for her? 你能给她做一个风筝吗？

(3)下列情况下，直接宾语要放在间接宾语前面：

①当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：

This is my pen, pass it to me. 这是我的钢笔，请递给我。

I like that pair of skates; could you buy them for me?

我喜欢那双滑冰鞋，你可以给我买它吗？

②当直接宾语比间接宾语短时：

Ill draw a picture for the kids in Class 9.

我得给九班的孩子们画一张画。

Could you leave a message to all the comrades here?

你能给这儿所有的同志们留个话吗？

警示 双宾语换位时，个别情况也用其他介词连接：

Id like to ask you a favor.

→Id like to ask a favor of you. 我想请你帮个忙。

Would you like to play me chess?

→Would you like to play chess with me? 你想和我下棋吗？

应用 选择填空

①Xiao Sun, pass ____.

A. my knife me B. my knife for me

C. me my knife D. me to my knife

②I like your watch; can you show ____.

A. me it B. it me C. it for me D. it to me

③These flowers are all nice; let me choose ____, dear!

A. it to you B. it for you C. one to you D. one for you

④____ did they buy so many presents ____, Mr Xu?

A. Who, / B. Whom, to C. Whom, / D. Who, for

解答

①C pass sb. sth. 递给某人某东西。

②D 直接宾语是人称代词时，要放在间接宾语前面，且用介词to。

③D it无法代替flowers, choose后的双宾语换位用介词for。

④D buy的间接宾语是特殊疑问句时，在直接宾语后要带相应介词for。

警示 当间接宾语是特殊疑问词时，不能在直接宾语后丢掉了相应的介词。

例如：

①Who did you lend it to? 你把它借给谁了？

不能说成：Who did you lend it?

②Whom are you writing the letter to, Frank? 福郎克，你在给谁写信？

不能说成：Whom are you writing the letter, Frank?

4.His mother left a note on his door.

他妈妈留了一张字条在他的房门上。

解读 (1)句子中的left(leave的过去式)意思是“留下，把……留下”，表达句型为“leave+宾语+地点状语”。例如：

Dont leave the baby at home by herself.

不要把婴儿单独一人留在家里。

Please leave your bicycle outside under the tree.

请把你的自行车放在外面的树底下。

Oh, sorry!I left it at home. 噢，对不起！我把它忘在家里了。

(2)除上所述外，leave的用法还有：

①离开(表示“离开……去……”用leave…for…)

The children were leaving school when it happened.

出这事时，孩子们正在离开学校。

Well leave Shanghai for Nanjing. 我们要离开上海去南京。

②把……交给(表示“将……交给……”用leave sb. sth.或leave sth. with/to sb.)

His grandfather left him a large sum of money.

他爷爷留给他一笔数目可观的钱。

Leave this to me or take it. 要么把这给我，要么你带走。

③使……处于某种状态(句型“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”)

Would you please leave the door open for me?

请你为我把门开着，好吗？

He left the cake untouched. 蛋糕他一丝也没动。

④听任

Nothing will happen if we leave all the things as they are.

如果我们不去动所有这些东西，什么也不会发生。

Leave him as he is!别管他！

⑤其他搭配

leave behind 忘带，遗留，把……丢在后面

ask for a sick leave 请病假

on leave 休假

比较 表示“遗忘”的词有forget和leave，前者接单宾语(用名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词作宾语都可以)，后者接“宾语+地点状语”。例如：

I forgot that thing. 我把那东西忘了。

I left that thing in my room. 我把那东西忘在我房间里了。

应用 选择填空。

①The foreigners are leaving China ____ Japan in a week.

A. to B. for C. in D. at

②Im sorry I ____ my key in the classroom.

A. leave B. forget C. missed D. lost

③Dont close the window; just ____ it open!

A. make B. try C. push D. leave

④Take care not to leave anything ____.

A. away B. off C. for D. behind

解答

①B leave…for…离开……前往……

②A leave sth. sw.把……遗忘在……

③D “leave+宾语+宾补” 让……处于……状态

④D leave behind 忘带