APP下载

新目标八年级(下)Units6—7词汇积累

2008-05-19郭跃胜

中学英语之友·中 2008年4期
关键词:介词形容词短语

1.raise

解读动词,在中学课本中主要出现以下几种意思:

①举起,使升高

He raised his head and looked at me. 他抬起头看着我。

At the party we all raised our glasses to her.

在聚会上,我们都举杯祝她健康。

②种植,饲养

The rich farmland is used for raising crops.

那块肥沃的耕地是用来种庄稼的。

She makes a living by raising and selling sheep.

她靠饲养和出售绵羊生活。

③筹(款),招募

Theyll give a concert to raise money for educational aid program.

他们将举办一场音乐会,为教育援助工程募款。

A group of volunteers are raised to support Chinas least-developed areas. 要招募一批志愿者去支援中国最落后的地区。

比较 lift的意思也是“举起”,它常常表示举(提、抬)起某物时需要费些力气。例如:

This is too heavy for me to lift. 这太重了,我举不起来。

The elephant is so strong that it can lift a log easily.

大象力气很大,它可以毫不费力地举起一根圆木。

raise着重指使某物竖立起来。例如:

Those who are ready, please raise your hands. 准备好的人,请举手。

应用 选择填空。

①The sun ____ in the east and sets in the west.

A. raises B. lifts C. rises D. goes

②They ____ rice in the south of China.

A. plant B. grow C. produce D. keep

③Shes so young that she cant ____ the heavy bag.

A. take B. bring C. raise D. lift

④The chairman ____ his voice and went on speaking.

A. lifted B. grew C. raised D. rose

解答

①C (日、月、云雾等的自动)升起用rise。

②B 表示“种植”,也可用raise。

③D 表示“费力气举(提)起”。

④C raise ones voice意思是“提高嗓门”。

2.run out of

解读(1)动词短语,意思是“(贮存物、供应品等)用尽,用完。” 例如:

Ive run out of my ink. 我用完了墨水。

——Why did he get back? 他怎么回来了?

——He ran out of money. 他把钱花光了。

(2)run一词除“跑”的意思外,经常出现的意思还有:

①驾驶(车辆)

Uncle runs a taxi to support his family. 叔叔靠开出租车来养家糊口。

②经营,开办

My father runs a shoe factory. 我爸爸经营一家鞋厂。

Night schools were often run before. 以前常常办夜校。

③流经,流淌

A small river runs through my hometown. 一条小河流经我的家乡。

Blood ran down his nose. 血从鼻子流下。

④延伸,伸展

Green Ave. runs from the railway station to a factory.

格林大街从火车站一直延伸到一家工厂。

(3)run构成的短语常见的有:

run away逃跑,失控 run for竞选

run into撞,陷于 run up to累计达到

in the long run终究,最后 run after追赶,追捕

警示 run out of还可以表示“从……跑出来”。例如:

Did you notice someone run out of the dormitory?

你曾注意到有人从宿舍里跑出来吗?

应用 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

①She ____(用完) time, so she had to stop.

②Theres a railway ____(伸展) through the town.

③Look, your sons nose ____(流鼻涕).

④He was so careless that he ____(撞上) the wall.

⑤The butcher got a stick and ____(追赶) the dog.

解答

①ran out of ②running ③is running ④ran into ⑤ran after

3.free

解读 形容词,主要意思有:

①自由的,无拘束的

Everyone is free to express themselves. 大家都可以畅所欲言。

Now you come and set me free. 现在你来,把我放了。

She got the first prize in free style. 她在自由式游泳中得了第一名。

②空闲的,有时间的

Ill go with you if Im free tomorrow.

明天,我如果有时间就和你一起去。

What do you usually do at your free time? 你闲时常干什么?

③免费的

Theres no free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。

Look!It says “Children under 7: free.”

瞧!上面写着:“七岁以下儿童免费。”

Youll get a scarf for free. 你将免费得到一条围巾。

延伸 free的副词是freely,意思是“自由地,无拘束地”。例如:

Tell them to talk loudly and freely. 叫他们自由地大声谈。

应用 选择填空。

①More than 300 war prisoners(战犯) were set ____ in Iraq(伊拉克) last week.

A. out B. up C. free D. home

②Fish are swimming ____ in the water.

A. freely B. early C. carefully D. friendly

③In China many people enjoy ____ medical care.

A. well B. high C. many D. free

④Maybe Ill have ____ next Tuesday.

A. free B. time C. busy D. times

解答

①C set…free 将……释放。

②A freely 自由地,随意地。

③D free medical care 公费医疗。

④B have time“有空”相当于be free。

4.at a meeting

解读 (1)介词短语,意思是“在开会”。例如:

My father is at a parents meeting. 我爸爸在开家长会。

At a meeting in Beijing I got to know her.

某一次在北京的开会时,我认识了她。

比较 have (hold) a meeting 也是“开会”的意思,但它是动词短语。例如:

When shall we have the meeting? 我们什么时候开会?

(2)介词at的一些常见意思与用法:

①表示地点

Lets meet at the station. 我们在车站见吧。

Whos standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?

②表示时间

He joined the League at 15. 他15岁入团。

Dinner is ready at 9:00. 9点钟开饭。

③表示方向

Dont throw a stone at the dog. 不要朝狗扔石块。

警示 at表示方向时,只与少数的几个动词搭配使用。例如:

come at 朝……扑过来 shout at冲……大喊 look at看

shoot at 朝……开枪 aim at 朝……瞄准

④表示原因

He looked surprised at seeing us. 他看到我们显出很惊异的样子。

At the news we jumped with joy. 听到这消息,我们高兴得跳了起来。

⑤表示“处于……状态”

How long have you been at work? 你上了几年班?

We must never think that all is at peace now.

我们千万不要认为现在天下太平了。

⑥表示“在……方面”

Marcia was better than me at chess. 玛莎的棋比我下得好。

Bill is quite clever at drawing. 比尔在画画方面有天赋。

⑦表示价格、速度等

A spaceship flies at 11 kilometres a second.

宇宙飞船以每秒11千米的速度飞行。

We have nice skirts for girls at ¥30 each.

我们有女孩子穿的裙子,每条30元。

⑧用于某些固定搭配:

at first 开始 at last 最后at least 至少

at most 至多 at night 在晚上 (not) at all 一点也不

at the same time 同时 at noon 在正午at times 不时

应用 选择填空。

①I live ____ 401 Nanjing Road, Wuhan.

A. in B. on C. at D. during

②You can have a pair of socks ____ a good price.

A. in B. at C. for D. on

③Theyll ____ a friendly visit to Argentina.

A. in B. on C. at D. to

④The monkey threw a banana ____ us.

A. at B. on C. for D. to

⑤The teacher was quite pleased ____ her.

A. at B. to C. on D. with

⑥Mum often woke up ____ midnight.

A. in B. on C. at D. over

解答

①C 表示某一地点。

②B 表示价格。

③B on a visit参观,访问。

④A 表示方向。

⑤D be pleased with对……感到满意。

⑥C 固定搭配。

5.annoy

解读 (1)动词,意思是“使……生气,使……烦恼”。例如:

What annoys you most when youre shopping?

你在购物时,什么最让你恼火?

If you stand in the subway door reading, everyone will annoy you.

你要是站在地铁口看书,人们会生你的气。

(2)annoyed形容词,常用于下列搭配:

①get/be annoyed with sb. 生……的气

Nancy was annoyed with her brother. 南茜生她弟弟的气。

Dont get annoyed with that boy.

犯不着为那孩子烦恼。

②get annoyed for(at) sth. 因……而生气

Mr Black got annoyed at your carelessness.

布莱克先生对你的粗心大意感到恼火。

What were you annoyed for? 你生什么气呀?

③get annoyed to do sth. 做某事感到恼火

He was annoyed to learn that he had to pay the fine.

听到要被罚款,他心里感到烦恼。

(3)annoying形容词,意思是“讨厌的,烦人的”。

Youre an annoying fellow. 你是个讨厌的家伙。

延伸 annoy的名词形式是annoyance。例如:

To our annoyance, Peter was late again.

使我们生气的是彼特又一次迟到。

A lot of annoyance was on her face. 她一脸厌烦的神态。

应用 指出下列句子中的错误,并改正。

①How annoying my aunt was then!

②Dont get annoyed at me, sir!

③What an annoyed trip we had last week!

④They sent him away with great annoying!

解答

①annoying→annoyed 与“人”有关用v.-ed形式。

②at→with get annoyed with sb. 生……的气。

③annoyed→annoying 与“人”无关用v.-ing形式。

④annoying→annoyance 名词形式。

6.complain

解读 (1)动词,意思是“抱怨,投诉,诉苦”。例如:

Dad complained that I didnt work hard. 爸爸抱怨我工作不努力。

Li Fang is a good student who studies hard and never complains.

李芳是个好学生,她学习刻苦,从不抱怨。

(2)常见搭配有:

①complain about(of)投诉,抱怨

She complained of my mistake. 她抱怨说我犯了错误。

Ill write to your manager and complain about it.

我要写信给你们经理,投诉此事。

②complain to sb. of sth. 控告某人某事

Did you complain to the teacher of his bad deeds?

你向老师申诉了他所做的坏事吗?

延伸 complain的名词是complaint。例如:

Now the most common complaint is the tuition fee for college.

现在,投诉最多的是大学的学费。

I cant write a letter of complaint. 我不会写投诉信。

应用指出下列句子中的错误,并改正。

①She was busy complaint; didnt notice(注意) me.

②In the letter he complained three things happened in your store.

③Remember to make your letter of complain more polite.

解答

①complaint→with the complaintbe busy with sth. 忙于某事。

②complained→complained about(of) 意思是“投诉”。

③complain→complaint “投诉信”是a letter of complaint。

郭跃胜山西山阴县第三中学

猜你喜欢

介词形容词短语
初中英语词组高频考点聚焦
Comparative Adjectives (形容词比较级)
动词与动词短语(二)
介词不能这样用
形容词
攻击和防御
介词填空专练
看图填写介词