脑内多巴胺能系统在全身麻醉中作用的研究进展
2025-08-14罗薇袁城栋郝孟楠张洁张益
中图分类号:R614 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-503X(2025)03-0441-06
DOI:10.3881/j. issn.1000-503X.16245
Research Advancements in the Role of the Brain Dopaminergic System in General Anesthesia
LUO Wei 1,2 ,YUAN Chengdong1,²,HAO Mengnan1,², ZHANG Jie’, ZHANG Yi 1,2
(20 1 Department ofAnesthesiology,The Second Afiliated Hospitalof Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi,Guizhou 5630,China 2 KeyLaboratoryofAnesthesiaandOrganProtectionofGuizhouProvince,ZunyiMedical University,Zunyi,Guizhou5630oo,China
Corresponding author:ZHANGYi Tel:15329716676,E-mail:chersishher1998@126.com
ABSTRACT:General anesthesia is widely used in clinical practice,whereas the exact mechanism behind thegeneral anesthetic-induced reversible loss of consciousness remains unclear.Recent studies have revealeda close relationship between the dopaminergic system and general anesthetic-induced lossof consciousness.This system,encompassing dopamine neurons,dopamine receptors,and related neural pathways,regulates functions such as movement,memory,arousal,and cognition.The dopaminergic neurons in the ventral periaqueductal gray and ventral tegmental area,along with D1 receptors,have been shown to facilitate emergence from anesthesia.However,theroleof D2receptors remains controversial.Thisreview summarizes recentadvancementsinthe roleof the dopaminergic system in general anesthesia and theunderlying mechanism,with the aim of clarifying he mechanism of general anesthesia and providing atheoretical basis forpreventing delayed emergence fromanesthesia.
Key words:dopaminergic system;general anesthesia;dopamine neuron;neural pathway;dopamine receptor ActaAcadMedSin,2025,47(3):441-446
全身麻醉是一种由麻醉药物诱导的可逆性状态,包括意识消失、顺行遗忘、镇痛和肌肉松弛[1]。全身麻醉导致意识消失的作用机制经历了非特异性脂质双分子层理论、特异性分子靶点学说、蛋白质靶向学说及神经网络等几个阶段[2-4]。目前研究发现全身麻醉所致的意识消失是多种神经系统相互作用和共同调节的结果[5]。多巴胺能系统参与调控中枢神经系统的多种功能,包括运动、记忆、觉醒和认知等[6]。多巴胺能核团如腹侧被盖区(ventraltegmentalarea,VTA)、腹侧导水管周围灰质(ventral periaqueductal gray,vPAG)和中缝背核的激活可促进觉醒[7],这些核团通过多巴胺能神经元释放多巴胺递质到多个脑区并与多巴胺受体结合,在全身麻醉过程中发挥促苏醒作用。本文系统综述了多巴胺能系统在全身麻醉中的作用及其分子机制,为深入探讨全身麻醉机制以及预防术后苏醒延迟提供理论依据。
1多巴胺能神经元与全身麻醉的关系
1.1 多巴胺能神经元
多巴胺能神经元仅占脑内神经元总数的 1% ,广泛分布于中脑( 90% )、间脑和嗅球[8]。在哺乳动物的中脑腹侧部分,有两个富含多巴胺能神经元的区域,分别是黑质和 VTA[9] 。尽管这些神经元数量相对较少,但他们在调节脑的基本功能方面发挥着重要作用,主要参与3种类型的生理活动:(1)锥体外系运动的协调,如黑质中多巴胺能神经元异常会出现典型运动特征的帕金森病[0];(2)精神活动的调节,涉及学习、记忆、认知、情绪、情感和睡眠-觉醒周期等功能[6,11-12];……
