APP下载

不同种植密度和品种对棉花生育期及干物质积累与分配的影响

2025-08-13穆光荣古丽娜孜·居来提张立祯马腾飞杜鸿君王雪姣孙帅巴特尔·巴克李杰帕尔哈提·买买提

棉花学报 2025年3期
关键词:生殖器官生育期棉花

Abstract:[Objective]Thisstudyaims toinvestigatethesuitableplantingdensityof diferentcottonvarieties insouthem Xinjiangand toprovideatheoreticalbasisfortheconstructionofhigh-yieldcultivationmodel.[Methods]Theexperiment was conducted in Yuli County from 2023 to 2024,with five planting density levels: 9.0 plants‘ ⋅m-2 (D1),13.5 plants ⋅m-2 (D2),18.0 plants ⋅m-2(D3) ,22.5plants ⋅m-2(D4) ,27.0plants ⋅m-2(D5) ,and three cotton varieties:Xinluzhong79 (C1), Xinluzao 73(C2), andXinshi518(C3).Theoptimal plantingdensitywas determined bymeasuring thecotonreproductive period,drymatter accumulationanddistribution,andseedcottonyield.[Results]Thegrowthperiodofcottonwasprolongedasthedensity increased.Withtheincreaseofplantingdensitythemaximumdrymatteraccumulationandmaximumgrowthrateofvegetative organs,reproductiveorgans,andabovegroundpartsofC1andC2showedtrendsof increasingandthendecreasing,peakingat D3.The average highest seed cotton yields were( 5 458.66kg⋅hm-2 at D3 for C1,and 6083.64kg⋅hm-2 at D3 for C2, respectively.ForC3,themaximumdrymateraccumulationandmaximumgrowthrateof vegetativeorgans,reproductive organs,andabovegroundpartscontinued torisewiththeincreaseinplantingdensity,andthehighestseedcotonyieldof (20号 5875.30kg⋅hm-2 was reached at D5.The planting density does not show a clear pattern in itseffect on the timeat which diferentorgans reach their maximum dry materaccumulationandthe time at whichtheyachieve their maximum growth rate. [Conclusion] For Xinluzhong 79 and Xinluzao 73 varieties,a planting densityof18 plants·m-2 is suitable,while for Xinshi518 variety,ahigh-density cultivationpattern of27 plants ⋅m-2 is recommended.

Keywords: coton; planting density; varieties; dry matter accumulationand distribution; seed cotton yield

新疆是全球主要的棉花生产区之一,2024年其棉花总产量达568.6万t,占全球棉花总产量的五分之一I。棉花的生物量积累与转运是研究棉花生理性状的基本指标,作物产量的高低受光合作用的影响较大,光合作用的重要产物直接影响产量的形成[3-4。优化种植密度是棉花生产中重要的农艺措施之一,是构建群体结构的基础。通过调节群体密度,可以提高单位面积的生产力,进而影响作物产量及品质[5。适宜的密度不仅能够促进干物质的有效积累和分配,还可以协调营养生长与生殖生长的关系,为作物高产奠定基础。近年来,南疆地区不断引入新的棉花品种,伴随着生态条件和管理措施的变化,有关适宜种植密度的研究结果各异。种植密度过高或过低都不利于干物质的积累,导致营养生长和生殖生长失衡,最终影响棉花产量。此外,种植密度还会影响棉花植株的冠层结构,进而改变干物质的生产效率及各器官间的分配比例[

合理密植是棉花高产栽培的核心措施,通过协调个体与群体的关系、维持群体结构的动态平衡及优化源库流协同关系,显著加快生育进程[-1]。赵中华等2研究发现,棉花各器官干物质积累均呈偏斜“S\"形曲线,但分配模式因器官功能而异:果枝叶呈抛物线形,蕾为钟形,铃则符合逻辑斯谛(logistic)曲线。有研究表明,棉花营养生长阶段干物质质量的增长速度达到最大值的时间较早,且下降速度较快,有助于促进营养生长向生殖生长转化,进而提升产量和品质[3]。……

登录APP查看全文

猜你喜欢

生殖器官生育期棉花
不同用量滴灌水与缩节胺协同打顶对新疆机采棉群体结构产量品质的影响
施氮对棉花生长发育、产量及棉田土壤养分的影响
赏月
白云
2020一2024年邛崃市油菜生育期气象条件分析
剑川县马铃薯生长气候适应性分析
基于RZWQM2的氮肥运筹方式对棉花生长及产量的影响
水稻不同生育期施用氮肥对其产量及品质的影响
啊,棉花
青少年正确认识生殖健康