藜麦的特性及其开发应用研究进展
2025-08-05杨杰杨诚杨发荣黄杰魏玉明杨钊
关键词:藜麦;特性;开发应用;研究进展
中图分类号:S512.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2097-2172(2025)06-099-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2025.06.002
Research Progress on Characteristics of Quinoa and Its Developmentand Application
YANG Jie¹,YANG Cheng²,YANGFarong³,HUANG Jie³,WEI Yuming³,YANG Zhao4 (1.InstituteofAgriculturalEconomicsandInformation,GnsuAcademyofAgricultural Sienes,LanzhouGansu73O,in; 2.Colege ofPastoralAgriculture Scienceand Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu73O2o,China;3.Istitute of Animal Husbandry,Pasture and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China; 4. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 73oo7o,China)
Abstract:Asagraincroprichinnutrientsandbioactivecomponents,quinoahasatractedextensiveatentioninrecentyears duetoitsdiversevarietyresoucesandabundantdevelopmentandutlationvalue.Inordertopromotethesustainabledevelopment of thequinoaindustrycomprehensivelyuderstanditsharacteristicsandaplicationvalue,ndtohncethepublic'swarss andutilizationlevelofquinoa,thispapersystematicallreviewsthepreviousresearchresultsandcombinedwiththelatestresearch trendstoprovideanindepthovervieoftebotanicalharacteristicsndphysiologicalfeaturesofquinoa,aswellasitsrsouce distributionandsuitableenvironmentintheworld.Atthesametime,theappicationofqinoainedible,feed,medicine,cosmetic, urbangreeningandoamentalfeldsisreviewed,whichimstoprovideausefulreferenceforthebreedingandproductdevelopent of new quinoa varieties.
Key Words: Quinoa; Characteristic;Develop application; Research progress
藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)是苋科藜亚科藜属一年生双子叶草本植物[1-2],原产于南美洲安第斯山脉,已有七千多年种植历史,在印第安人,尤其是印加民族的文化中占据着重要地位。印加人将藜麦视为神圣的食物,称其为“粮食之母\"[3]。藜麦籽粒中富含蛋白质、必需氨基酸、膳食纤维、矿物质和多种维生素,且不含麸质,被称为“丢失在远古的营养黄金”[4]。联合国粮农组织(FAO)将其称为“唯一一种食物即可满足人体基本营养需求的单体植物”[5]。此外,藜麦具有较强的抗逆性,能够适应多种不良环境条件,如高盐碱、干旱和低温等,显示出良好的生态适应能力[6-7]其籽粒可以直接食用或加工成多种食品(藜麦粉、藜麦片、藜麦饮料等),从而满足不同消费者的需求。凭借高蛋白、高纤维、低脂肪的特点,藜麦已成为健康食品和功能性食品的重要原料。藜麦的茎叶可作为优质饲料,适用于多种家畜的饲养。藜麦提取物具有抗氧化、抗炎和保湿等功能,广泛应用于保健品和护肤品的开发。此外,藜麦的观赏性强,色彩丰富,可用于城市绿化和景观美化,提升城市生态环境质量。藜麦的营养价值和多样用途使其在全球范围内受到重视,成为推动农业多样性和食品安全的重要作物之一。为了促进藜麦产业的发展和推动健康食品产业的可持续发展,概述了藜麦的特性以及在全球的资源分布和适生环境,并对藜麦在食品、饲料、医药、化妆品、城市绿化和观赏等领域的应用进行了阐述,以提升人们对藜麦的认识和利用。……
