夏冬 杨慧龄

【摘要】肺纤维化（PF）是一种严重危害人体健康的慢性进行性肺部疾病。其主要特征是肺组织异常纤维化和瘢痕化，导致肺泡逐渐被纤维组织替代，最终引发呼吸衰竭，给人体健康带来严重威胁。迄今为止，PF的治疗一直是一项艰巨的挑战。然而，近年来随着精准医学理念和新兴疗法的兴起，对PF的认识和治疗策略也在不断进步。该文从分子生物学和遗传学的角度全面回顾PF在精准医学领域内新兴治疗策略的最新研究进展，揭示了利用高通量生物信息技术与分析等分子生物学手段挖掘新兴治疗策略的潜在可能性。深入了解这些进展有助于临床医师更好地理解PF的病理生理过程，并为未来的临床实践提供新的思路和策略，以改善患者的预后和生活质量。

【关键词】肺纤维化；精准医学；新兴治疗策略；分子生物学；遗传学

Emerging treatment strategies for pulmonary fibrosis in precision medicine

XIA Dong， YANG Huiling

（School of Pharmacy， Guangdong Medical University， Dongguan 523808， China）

Corresponding author： YANG Huiling， E-mail： 112699355@qq.com

【Abstract】Pulmonary fibrosis （PF） is a chronic progressive lung disease that poses a serious health risk. It is mainly characterized by abnormal fibrosis and scarring of lung tissues， resulting in the gradual replacement of alveoli with fibrous tissues and ultimately respiratory failure， posing a serious threat to human health. To date， the treatment of PF has been a formidable challenge. However， in recent years， with the rise of precision medicine concepts and emerging therapies， the understanding and treatment strategies of PF have been ever advanced. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research advances in PF within the field of precision medicine， from the perspectives of both molecular biology and genetics， as well as emerging therapeutic strategies， aiming to reveal the potential for tapping into emerging therapeutic strategies using molecular biological tools such as high-throughput bioinformatics technology and analysis. In-depth understanding of these advances can help to better elucidate the pathophysiological processes of PF and provide novel ideas and strategies for future clinical practice， thereby improving patients clinical prognosis and quality of life.

【Key words】Pulmonary fibrosis； Precision medicine； Emerging therapeutic strategy； Molecular biology； Genetics

肺纖维化（PF）是一种慢性进行性且较难治愈的肺部疾病，主要特征是细胞外基质（ECM）的过度沉积和肺结构重塑［1］。其病理学特征包括慢性炎症、肌成纤维细胞的活化和ECM的过度沉积，最终导致肺组织的纤维化和瘢痕形成，对呼吸功能造成严重影响［2］。常见症状包括干咳、乏力、胸部不适和体质量减轻，随着病情的不断进展，部分患者还可见呼吸困难，甚至导致呼吸衰竭和死亡。研究表明，随着年龄的增长，PF主要多发于65岁以上的患者，其发病率和患病率显著升高［3］。PF患者的预后通常较差，未经治疗时，其中位生存期仅为2～5年［4］。……