龙李健

摘 要：在“體教融合”与“双减”政策等背景下，青少年体育教育逐渐受到重视。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法，以美国青少年体育教育政策体系进行分析，对我国青少年体育教育政策体系构建提供启示与帮助。对美国青少年体育教育政策分析发现其主要以：国家宏观政策为指向，引导青少年体育教育发展；协同微观政策为主体，共建青少年体育教育体系。目前我国青少年体育教育政策体系主要问题为：政策构建不协调、政策目标不一致、政策资源不均匀的困境。针对困境并结合美国经验提出启示：柔化政策接壤，多部门共商政策框架；细化政策内容，多维度关注主体需求；强化政策实施，多层次落实体育服务；优化政策资源，多结构培养政策资源。

关键词：青少年；青少年体育教育；政策体系；美国

Experience and Enlightenment in the Construction of Youth Physical Education Policy System in the United States

LONG Li-jian

（School of Physical Education， Hubei University， Wuhan， 430062， China）

Abstract：Under the background of “integration of sports and education” and “double reduction” policies， youth physical education has gradually received attention. This paper analyzes the policy system of youth physical education in the United States by using the methods of literature and logical analysis， and provides enlightenment and help for the construction of the policy system of youth physical education in China. The analysis of the youth physical education policy in the United States shows that it is mainly oriented to： national macro policies to guide the development of youth physical education; Coordinate micro policies as the main body to jointly build a youth sports education system. At present， the main problems of Chinas youth physical education policy system are： the dilemma of uncoordinated policy construction， inconsistent policy objectives， and uneven policy resources. In view of the dilemma and combined with the experience of the United States， this paper puts forward enlightenment： softening the policy border， and discussing the policy framework with multiple departments; Refine the policy content and pay attention to the needs of the main body in multiple dimensions; strengthen the implementation of policies and implement sports services at multiple levels; Optimize policy resources and cultivate policy resources in multiple structures.

Key words： Adolescents; Youth physical education; Policy systems; United States

美国青少年体质健康问题最早出现于第二次世界大战时期的一份参军青少年体检报告，受到总统罗斯福的重视［1］。其为检测美国儿童体质健康成立了国防部下属体质健康办公室，但实际检测的情况并不乐观，严重的儿童体质健康问题的出现逐渐引起社会与政府的重视。美国作为体育强国，针对青少年体质健康、青少年体育发展、青少年体育教育等问题，美国政府分别颁布与实施相关政策。为美国青少年问题提供了应对措施，对青少年体育发展起到了促进作用，也加快了体育教育发展，形成成熟的青少年体育教育政策体系。……