罗茂芳 杨明 马克平

摘要：在中國作为主席国的引领下，联合国《生物多样性公约》（以下简称《公约》）第十五次缔约方大会（以下简称COP15）第二阶段会议通过了62项决定，特别是达成了以变革理论为基础的《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》（以下简称《昆蒙框架》），为全球生物多样性治理擘画了新的蓝图。该文就《昆蒙框架》的三个核心目标——保护地“3030目标”、资源调动、遗传资源数字序列信息进行解读，对保障《昆蒙框架》落地的相关决议进行简要介绍，并就我国未来的保护行动提出了相关建议：（1）加强生物多样性保护的主流化；（2）进一步制定详细的保护计划，明确保护区域的范围、目的和管理措施，并落实实施计划的责任部门和具体措施；（3）根据框架目标的监测要求，制定可操作的指标体系和监测计划；（4）继续加强生物多样性保护的意识和教育，提高公众对生物多样性保护的认识和重视程度，促进全社会的可持续生产和可持续消费；（5）大力推进国际合作，在更大尺度上探索和促进基于自然的解决方案，寻找对自然产生正面、积极效果的经济和社会发展路径。

关键词： 《生物多样性公约》， 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》， 全球生物多样性保护， 保护地目标， 保护行动建议

中图分类号：Q948    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-3142（2023）08-1350-06

Core targets of Kunming-Montreal Global Framework and recommendations for conservation action in China

LUO Maofang1，2，3， YANG Ming4， MA Keping1，2，5*

（ 1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change， Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100093， China; 2. China National Botanical Garden， Beijing 100093， China; 3. Biodiversity Committee， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100093， China; 4. Bureau of Science & Technology for Development， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100864， China; 5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 101408， China ）

Abstract：Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency， the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD） adopted 62 decisions， in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework （KM-GBF）， which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF， its achievements， gaps， and lessons learned， and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements， sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies’ relationship with biodiversity by 2030， and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas， resource mobilisation， and digital sequence information of genetic resources， a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework， and recommendations for future conservation actions in China： （1） To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of Chinas Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan （2011-2030） is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF; （2） To further develop detailed conservation plans， clarify the scopes， purposes and management measures of conservation areas， and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures （OECMs） are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation; （3） To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets; （4） To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation， raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation， and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole; （5） To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale， and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

Key words： Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD）， Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework， global biodiversity conservation， protected area targets， recommendations for conservation action

2020年， 联合国《生物多样性公约》（以下简称《公约》）发布了第五版《全球生物多样性展望》，对生物多样性保护状况进行了比较全面的总结。根据这一报告，尽管在过去的十年间世界各国不断做出了努力，但生物多样性保护状况仍然以人类历史上前所未有的速度在全球范围内不断恶化（CBD， 2020）。……