刘涵斐　徐婷婷　李锡宏　邱梦娟　张艺千　郑露　黄俊斌　黎妍妍

摘要：為明确贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对烟草炭疽病的生防作用，通过贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 Bacillus velezensis F85和烟草炭疽病菌 Colletotrichum fructicola共培养试验，测定了不同浓度的 F85无菌发酵滤液（0.5%～20%）对C.fructicola的菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发及附着胞形成的影响，评价了 F85对活体叶片的烟草炭疽病的防治效果。结果表明：（1）贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 F85对 C. fructicola、C. kahawae、C. karstii、C. siamense均表现出较好的拮抗作用，具有广谱抑菌效果。（2）贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 F85可有效抑制烟草炭疽菌C.fructicola菌丝的生长，同时抑制炭疽菌分生孢子的萌发和附着孢形成。随 F85无菌发酵滤液浓度升高，对C.fructicola的抑制作用更明显。20% F85无菌发酵滤液处理C.fructicola菌丝干质量抑制率和分生孢子芽管畸形率均达100%。（3）5%浓度以上的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 F85无菌发酵滤液对活体烟草炭疽病的防效高于70%。本研究丰富了烟草炭疽病生防菌资源，为开展烟草炭疽病的生物防治提供了理论依据。

关键词：烟草炭疽病；生物防治；贝莱斯芽孢杆菌

中图分类号： S435.72         文献标识码： A         文章编号：1007-5119（2023）03-0047-06

Study on the Biocontrol Effect of Bacillus velezensis F85 against Tobacco Anthracnose

LIU Hanfei1， XU Tingting1， LI Xihong2， QIU Mengjuan1， ZHANG Yiqian1， ZHENG Lu1， HUANG Junbin1， LI Yanyan2*

（1. College of Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agriculture University， Wuhan 430207， China;2. Tobacco Research Instituteof Hubei Province， Wuhan 430030， China）

Abstract： To determine the biocontrol effect of Bacillus velezensis F85 against tobacco anthracnose， co-culture experiments of B. velezensis F85 and C. fructicola were conducted. The effects of different concentrations of B. velezensis F85 aseptic fermentation filtrate （0.5%-20%） on mycelium growth， conidial germination and appressorium formation of C.fructicola were determined， and the effect of F85 on live leaf control of C. fructicola was evaluated. The results indicated that：（1） B. velezensis F85 showed good antagonism to C.fructicola， C. kahawae， C. karstiiand C. siamense， suggesting that B. velezensis F85 had broad spectrum antifungal property for Colletotrichum spp..（2） B. velezensis F85 could effectively inhibit the mycelium growth of C. fructicola， and inhibit the germination of conidia and appressorium formation of anthrax. With the increase of the concentration of sterile fermentation filtrate of F85， its inhibitory effect on C. fructicola was more obvious. The dry weight inhibition rate of C. fructicola mycelium and the malformation rate of conidial bud tube were both 100% when the filtrate ofF85 was 20%.（3） The control effect of B. velezensis F85（above 5%） on live leaf tobacco anthracnose was higher than 70%. This study enriched the biocontrol bacteria resources for tobacco anthracnose and provided theoretical basis for biological control of tobacco anthracnose.

Keywords： tobacco anthracnose; biological control; Bacillus velezensis

炭疽病是一种常见的叶部病害，炭疽菌（Colletotrichum spp.）寄主植物广泛，如葡萄、苹果、烟草、玉米、高粱、梨、茶树等[1]。烟草炭疽病是烟草上发生最为普遍的真菌病害之一，该病于1922年首次在巴西报道，之后在中国等多个亚洲国家相继报道[2]。该病害在烟叶上最初为水浸状黄绿色斑点，然后颜色变成深褐色，合并成较大的坏死斑，最后叶片萎蔫[3]。近年来，在我国四川省[3]、贵州省[5-6]、河南省[7]、湖南省[3]、海南省[8]等省份陆续报道了烟草炭疽病的为害。……