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云南黑松露脂肪酶酶学性质研究及应用

2023-08-17王琪高厚基瞿静谢政泽吴春霞陈韬

中国调味品 2023年8期

王琪 高厚基 瞿静 谢政泽 吴春霞 陈韬

摘要:為拓宽云南黑松露的应用范围,采用双水相萃取法、壳聚糖沉淀法和双水相-壳聚糖沉淀结合法对云南黑松露脂肪酶进行纯化,确定最佳纯化方法,并研究脂肪酶的酶学特性、酶动力学及在中式香肠中的应用。结果表明,双水相-壳聚糖沉淀结合法纯化效果最好,酶比活力达到最高42.98 U/mg。黑松露脂肪酶最适温度为50 ℃,最适pH值为5,Km=33.33 mol/L,Vmax=1.91 mol/(L·min)。将黑松露经过完全灭酶(CK组)和不灭酶(HT组)处理后添加在中式香肠中,HT组新增花生四烯酸、月桂酸、二十一烷酸,且4种饱和脂肪酸、4种单不饱和脂肪酸和3种多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著提高(P<0.05)。HT组的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的总含量均约为CK组的2倍。综上,在中式香肠中添加云南黑松露,可以促进脂质水解,从而增加中式香肠中优质脂肪酸和风味前体物质的含量。

关键词:黑松露;脂肪酶;酶学特性;游离脂肪酸

中图分类号:TS201.25      文献标志码:A     文章编号:1000-9973(2023)08-0033-06

Study on Enzymatic Properties of Yunnan Tuber melanosporum Lipase and Its Application

WANG Qi1,2,3, GAO Hou-ji2, QU Jing1,4, XIE Zheng-ze1, WU Chun-xia1, CHEN Tao1*

(1.College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201,

China; 2.Kunming Gaoshanggao Food Co., Ltd., Kunming 650100, China; 3.School of

Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College,

Yibin 644003, China; 4.Scientific and Technological Information Division, Chuxiong

Medical College, Chuxiong 675000, China)

Abstract: In order to broaden the application scope of Yunnan Tuber melanosporum, Yunnan Tuber melanosporum lipase is purified by aqueous two-phase extraction, chitosan precipitation and combination of aqueous two-phase extraction and chitosan precipitation to determine the best purification method. Meanwhile, the enzymatic properties, enzyme kinetics and application of lipase in Chinese sausages are studied. The results show that purification effect of the combination of aqueous two-phase extraction and chitosan precipitation is the best, with the highest enzyme specific activity of 42.98 U/mg. The optimum temperature of Tuber melanosporum lipase is 50 ℃, the optimum pH value is 5, Km=33.33 mol/L, and Vmax=1.91 mol/(L·min). When Tuber melanosporum is added into Chinese sausages after complete inactivated enzyme (CK group) and non-inactivated enzyme (HT group), arachidonic acid, lauric acid and heneicosan oic acid appear in HT group, and the content of four saturated fatty acids, four monounsaturated fatty acids and three polyunsaturated fatty acids increases significantly (P<0.05). The total content of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in HT group is all about twice as much as that in CK group. In conclusion, it can be seen that the addition of Yunnan Tuber

melanosporum into Chinese sausages can promote lipolysis, thus increasing the content of high-quality fatty acids and flavor precursors in Chinese sausages.

Key words: Tuber melanosporum; lipase; enzymatic properties; free fatty acid

收稿日期:2023-02-19

基金项目:云南农业大学科研发展基金项目(KX900127000);云南农业大学第十五届学生创新创业行动基金项目(2022ZKY349)

作者简介:王琪(1989-),女,副教授,博士研究生,研究方向:肉品质控制和畜产品加工。

通信作者:陈韬(1963-),男,教授,博士,研究方向:肉品质控制和畜产品加工。

黑松露(Tuber melanosporum),又称黑块菌,在我国山林地区俗称“猪拱菌”、“无娘藤”、“土菇”、“松毛茯苓”,是一类地下生子囊菌门真菌[1],子囊果实以暗色为主,且表面有明显的瘤突,主要分布在云南、四川等西南地区,最近在北方地区也有发现[2-3]。……

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