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降解聚乙烯真菌哈茨木霉(Trichodermaharzianum)的筛选和鉴定

2023-06-13曹萌萌朱利霞桑成琛栗婷轩张艳君

牡丹江师范学院学报(自然科学版) 2023年1期

曹萌萌 朱利霞 桑成琛 栗婷轩 张艳君

摘  要:从长期覆膜农田土壤中筛选出一种能够降解聚乙烯的菌株——哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum).将筛选出的哈茨木霉接种到以聚乙烯为唯一碳源的培养基中培育30天,聚乙烯失重率约为10%,聚乙烯薄膜表面出现明显的孔洞和裂痕.

关键词:聚乙烯;地膜;哈茨木霉;降解

[   中图分类号    ]X172[    文献标志码   ]  A

Screening and Identification of Polyethylene-degrading Fungus Trichoderma harzianum

CAO Mengmeng,ZHU Lixia*,SANG Chengchen,LI Tingxuan,ZHANG Yanjun

(College of Life Science and Agronomy,Zhoukou Normal University,Zhoukou 466001,China)

Abstract:A Trichoderma harzianum strain capable of degrading polyethylene was isolated from soil collected from a field with long-term plastic film mulching.After the fungus was isolated,Trichoderma harzianum was incubated for 30 days in a liquid medium with polyethylene film as the sole carbon source.The results showed that the weight loss of polyethylene film was about 10% after the incubation,obvious erosion holes and cracks appeared on the surface of degraded polyethylene film.

Key words:polyethylene;plastic film;Trichoderma harzianum;degradation

聚乙烯地膜殘留在土壤中严重影响土壤生态环境和农业的可持续发展,为了实现环保高效降解聚乙烯残膜,亟需筛选可降解聚乙烯的微生物.地膜是我国农业生产中常用的生产资料之一,自地膜覆盖技术被引入到我国后,农业生产中地膜的用量逐年增长,我国成为全球地膜覆盖面积最大的国家.聚乙烯是一种稳定性好、抗腐蚀性强的高分子聚合物,是农业地膜最常用的塑料.[1]聚乙烯地膜可以改善土壤水热状况,提高作物产量,然而当季作物收获后,聚乙烯地膜常常由于风化破败而无法继续使用,导致大量聚乙烯地膜残留在土壤中,造成白色污染[2] ,导致土壤生产力的降低和生态环境的破坏,影响农业的可持续发展.目前解决聚乙烯残膜污染的方法主要是焚烧、填埋、回收利用等.聚乙烯农用地膜厚度过薄,回收成本较高,焚烧和填埋成为处理聚乙烯残膜的主要方法,而焚烧和填埋聚乙烯残膜又会造成严重的二次污染.[3]探寻清洁高效的聚乙烯残膜降解途径,解决由聚乙烯残膜引起的环境问题至关重要.微生……

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