高度城镇化背景下广州市古树名木保护模式探讨
2023-04-01魏丹郑昌辉
魏丹 郑昌辉



摘要:在高度城镇化背景下,古树名木保护面临着生境条件恶化、保护主体减少、保护文化式微等困境,保护方式的可持续性不佳。通过分析广州市古树名木资源特征,對比发达国家的古树名木保护经验,尝试构建“生境-主体-文化”三位一体的综合保护模式:通过保护古树名木及周围环境,连点成面重塑生境条件;通过挖掘古树名木的游憩与商业价值,链接并扩展保护主体;通过培育民间仪式与种植传统,传承古树文化并实现永续发展。该保护模式能兼顾古树名木的多种价值,是高度城镇化区域的一种综合应对。
关键词:古树名木;保护模式;城镇化;古树文化;广州
中图分类号:Q948.2
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2023)06-0002-05
收稿日期:2022-06-11
修回日期:2022-12-22
Abstract: Under the background of high urbanisation, the protection of old and valuable trees is faced with the dilemma of deteriorating habitat conditions, decreasing number of protection subjects, declining protection culture, etc., and it is difficult to sustain the protection method. By analyzing the characteristics of old and valuable trees in Guangzhou and comparing the experience of old and valuable trees protection in developed countries, this paper tries to build a comprehensive protection mode of "habitat, main body and culture": through the protection of old and valuable trees and the surrounding environment, reshaping the habitat conditions by connecting the dots; through the excavation of recreational and commercial value of old and valuable trees, linking and expanding the main body of conservation by exploring the cultivation of folk rituals and planting traditions, inheriting the culture of old and valuable trees and realises sustainable development. This conservation model can consider the multiple values of old and valuable trees and is a comprehensive response to highly urbanized areas.
Keywords: Old and valuable trees; Protection pattern; Urbanization; Culture of ancient trees; Guangzhou city
近百年来,城镇化成为全球性的时代洪流,城乡所有的社会、经济与文化活动皆受其影响[1~3]。城镇化加快了人地关系的演变,对古树名木的生存环境、保护主体与保护文化形成了较大冲击[4~7]。我国为了兼顾社会发展与生态文化资源保护,将古树名木列入《中华人民共和国森林法》和《中华人民共和国刑法》的保护范畴。古树名木保护虽然在国家层面上受重视程度较高,但在研究上尚存在着重视资源特征挖掘而轻视保护模式探索的现象,在实践上也存在着“重生态、轻文化、重政府、轻民间”等结构性不足,保护工作的永续性不佳。在城镇化背景下,城镇建设导致大量古树名木遭到砍伐[8~9],用地的无序扩张导致生境破碎,生态系统的结构与功能遭受严重破坏[10];……
