卓有成就的他们②

2022-07-12

疯狂英语·读写版 2022年7期

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Very little is known of Emily Elizabeth Dickinson as the American poet always kept toherself and lived a life of solitude（独居）. She was born on 10th December 1830 at Am⁃herst， Massachusetts to Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson. She had an older brother，Austin， and a younger sister named Lavinia.

From 1840 to 1847， Emily Dickinson studied at the Amherst Academy， an academicinstitution that was co⁃founded by her grandfather， Samuel Fowler Dickinson. In 1847， shestudied at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary（now known as Mount Holyoke College）butreturned to Amherst only after a year， and began her own unique life. After returning fromthe Seminary， Emily Dickinson withdrew from all social contact and refused to entertainguests. She chose to dress herself only in white and spent most of her time inside her room.She started writing poems at around this time. Her initial forays（最初的嘗试）were con⁃ventional（传统的）， but later on， she experimented until she developed her own uniquestyle.

The 1860s contributed greatly to Emily Dickinson’s writing style and content. The USCivil War broke out in 1861. Her closest friends， Samuel Bowles， moved to Europe forhealth reasons， and Charles Wadsworth was relocated to San Francisco. In addition， shealso had persistent eye trouble. Although these years were very troublesome for Emily Dick⁃inson， this could also be considered as the most productive period of her life. During thistime， Emily Dickinson wrote around 800 poems.

Emily Dickinson never married and died on May 15， 1886. Her poems were publishedby her sister， Lavinia， in 1886. During her life， only seven poems were published， but Em⁃ily Dickinson has penned almost 2，000 poems.

1. What happened to Emily Dickinson in 1848？

A. She studied at the Amherst Academy.

B. She went to Mount Holyoke Female Seminary.

C. She felt lonely and returned to Amherst.

D. She began her life of solitude.

2. What can we infer from the third paragraph？

A. Emily Dickinson’s writing was set in the US Civil War.

B. Two of Emily Dickinson’s closest friends deserted her in 1861.

C. Emily Dickinson made fruitful achievements in the 1860s.

D. Emily Dickinson developed her own unique style.

3. When were most of Emily Dickinson’s poems published？

A. After her death in 1886.

B. During the US Civil War.

C. During her university time.

D. Before her death in 1886.

A new 20?volume collection of the late Chinese writer Wang Zengqi’s works was pub⁃lished by Zhejiang Literature & Art Publishing House， as a way to celebrate the 100th anni⁃versary of his birth.

Born in 1920， Wang was a reputed contemporary Chinese novelist， essayist and Pe⁃king Opera writer. At the National Southwest Associated University in 1939， he studied un⁃der the supervision of Shen Congwen， widely considered to be one of the greatest Chinesewriters. He was especially popular among readers for his faithful， vivid descriptions ofpeople and the details of daily things， gourmet dishes in particular.

He saw， first⁃hand， the development of the modern Chinese literary tradition after theMay Fourth Movement in 1919. He was not just an observer， but an important participantand builder of socialist literary traditions after 1949， and then， again， arguably a leader of the modern literary tradition established in the 1980s.

“This 20⁃volume collection reflects Wang’s literary view and writing style in a generalsense，”said Wang Lang， the eldest son of Wang Zengqi.

“They don’t reflect the whole picture of his writing， however. There was also a timewhen he was furious and wrote articles about social issues. It was also his view that writersshould take social responsibility. Although his works in this respect are limited， they arean important part of his writing career，”Wang Lang said.

One outstanding characteristic of Wang Zengqi’s writing is the use of colloquial lan⁃guage， which combined his mother tongue of Gaoyou from Jiangsu Province and the Beijingdialect， because he worked in the capital for a long time， said Li Er， deputy director of theNational Museum of Modern Chinese Literature. An exhibition of Wang Zengqi’s paintingsis currently running at the museum.

Unlike many other popular writers in the 1980s， Wang Zengqi remains popular amongtoday’s readers.

4. What makes Mr Wang popular among readers？

A. The vivid descriptions of surroundings.

B. The vivid descriptions of daily details.

C. The faithful descriptions of scenes.

D. The faithful descriptions of opera.

5. What is Mr Wang famous for？

A. Essays.

B. Poems.

C. Peking Opera.

D. Reports.

6. What did Mr Wang contribute a lot to？

A. Vividly describing people.

B. Establishing Peking Opera.

C. Founding the modern literary tradition.

D. Celebrating the 100th anniversary.

7. Which of the following did Mr Wang scarcely show interest in？

A. Writing.

B. Gourmet dishes.

C. Paintings.

D. Photography.

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist （生理学家） best known for his discovery ofclassical conditioning （经典条件反射）. During his studies on the digestive systems ofdogs， Pavlov found that the animals salivated （流口水） naturally upon the presentation offood. However， he also noticed that the animals began to salivate whenever they saw thewhite lab coat of an experimental assistant. By associating the presentation of food with thelab assistant， he finally found that a dog would salivate over the presence of a stimulus （刺激物） other than food. He called this response a conditional reflex.

Ivan Pavlov was born in a small village in Ryazan， Russia， where his father was thevillage minister. His earliest studies were focused on theology （神学）， but reading CharlesDarwin’s On the Origin of Species had a powerful influence on his future interests. He soonstopped his religious studies and devoted himself to the study of science at the Universityof Saint Petersburg. Pavlov’s interests were the study of physiology and natural sciences.He helped found the Department of Physiology at the Institute of Experimental Medicineand continued to manage the program for the next 45 years.

Pavlov received much praise for his work. He worked in the Russian Academy of Sci⁃ence and won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology. The local government also offered lots ofsupport for Pavlov’s work. While Ivan Pavlov was not a psychologist， and reportedly dis⁃liked the field of psychology， his work had a major influence on the field， particularly onthe development of behaviorism. His discovery and research on reflexes influenced thegrowing behaviorist movement， and Pavlov’s discovery had a major influence on manythinkers， such as John B. Watson.

8. What can we infer from the first paragraph？

A. The dogs in the studies liked the color white.

B. It was found that a dog would only salivate to food.

C. Ivan Pavlov discovered the conditional reflex by accident.

D. Ivan Pavlov’s assistant had a close relationship with the dogs.

9. What does the text tell us about Ivan Pavlov’s early life？

A. He was born in a well?off family in Russia.

B. He was greatly influenced by Charles Darwin’s book.

C. He was interested in religion as well as natural sciences.

D. He studied theology at the University of Saint Petersburg.

10. What can we learn from the text？

A. John B. Watson was also a famous physiologist.

B. Ivan Pavlov’s discovery had an effect on psychology.

C. The local government considered Ivan Pavlov’s work valueless.

D. Ivan Pavlov had a great interest in physiology as well as psychology.

11. What is the text mainly about？

A. Ivan Pavlov’s dogs.

B. A great psychologist—Ivan Pavlov.

C. The life and great discovery of Ivan Pavlov.

D. The discovery of the conditional reflex.

Born in Cyrene （which is now Shahhat， Libya）， Eratosthenes （276 BCE—195 BCE）spent his time studying a wide variety of subjects under a lot of teachers， including theGreek poet Callimachus. After leaving Callimachus， he spent the next several years study⁃ing in Athens， where he furthered his knowledge of the world around him.

Eratosthenes was known as having a great deal of knowledge in a great number of dif⁃ferent fields of study， but not doing the best in any one of them. He did work in astronomy，mathematics， geography， history， and poetry， and also worked as a theatre critic in hisspare time. Eratosthenes would go on to become director of the Great Library for over fourdecades， from 245 BCE to just before the beginning of the second century BCE.

Eratosthenes is most famous for a measurement that he made， for he was the first tomeasure the size of the earth through direct means. He performed a simple experiment andused basic mathematics to find the size of our home planet. The circumference （圓周） ofthe earth， he determined， was about 39，250 km—the real distance is 40，075 km！ And let’snot forget that he didnt have the fancy instruments that geographers have today.

Famous for his studies of the earth， he is often called the“Father of Geography”. In anow⁃lost work titled Geographika， the contents of which are known because of references（参考） from following books still in existence， he took a global view of the world. With its title， he invented a new word—geography. In his book， he divided the planet into climatezones and listed the names and locations of 400 cities. Setting aside mythological and tradi⁃tional views of lands， he used written descriptions of wars and observations by travelers totry to find distances between places.

12. Which of the following can best describe Eratosthenes？

A. Honest.

B. Ambitious.

C. Lively.

D. Knowledgeable.

13. What did Eratosthenes do for most of his life？

A. He was a poet.

B. He was a teacher.

C. He was a librarian.

D. He was an engineer.

14. What kind of feeling does the author express in paragraph 3？

A. Admiration.

B. Sympathy.

C. Worry.

D. Doubt.

15. What can we learn about Eratosthenes’ Geographika？

A. He told a lot of myths in it.

B. He tried to use facts as its basis.

C. It was based on a lot of old books.

D. It was written as a geography textbook.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tereshkova flew into space on June 16， 1963， on the three⁃day Vostok 6 mission. Af⁃ter 48 orbits and 71 hours， she returned to Earth， having spent more time in space than allUS astronauts combined to that date.

A textile worker from a modest family， Tereshkova became interested in parachutingat a young age. Tereshkova and four other women were part of the first all⁃femalecosmonaut training group in 1961， but only Tereshkova ever completed a flight.

After Tereshkova’s landmark mission， it would take another 20 years for the UnitedStates to send a woman into space. Since then， a total of 57 women from nine differ?ent countries have blasted off.

Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping headed for the launch site shortly before her missionto dock with a space lab on June 11.

NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg was aboard the International Space Stationand China sent its second⁃ever female astronaut， Wang Yaping， to work on its orbitingspace module. However， Tereshkova remained the only woman to complete a solo flight.

In recent years， NASA has run into trouble with funding. However， this newclass of astronaut candidates say that NASA is looking ahead to the future of space explora⁃tion. The group includes the first female fighter pilot to become an astronaut in almost twodecades， as well as a female helicopter pilot.

A. Since then， many astronauts have conquered space.

B. Two women have been in orbit in recent years.

C. However， her parents thought it dangerous to do so and tried to stop her.

D. Currently， there are no American spacecraft that can carry humans to space.

E. Sally Ride became the first female American woman to leave Earth on June 18，1983.

F. It took place just two years after Yuri Gagarin achieved the first piloted spaceflightin 1961.

G. Her experience in parachute jumping led to her being selected as a cosmonaut by the Russian government.

第二部分語言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Most people get rid of their leftover foods， but in Nigerian⁃born visual artist HaneefahAdam’s kitchen， they’re put to good use.

Adam， 31， is famous for food in creative ways， using it to make portraits andother works of art. She has been artistic. Her mother said she had a for art.

Now， she’s building a career out of changing food into art.“I do portraits and

also often sew and paint， but what excites me most is food，”she said.

Adam is inspired by things， including life experiences and culture. She everything around her as something that can be made into art.

In 2016， she won the TechMeetsArtNG exhibition， which was and funded by Samsung Nigeria and Rele Gallery. The was a culinary （烹饪的） exhibition aimingat the artistic presentation of some of Nigeria’s local meals.

Her winning entry was by one of her favorite childhood meals—Ogbono soupwhich was the dried seeds of mangoes.“Before the competition， my art was mostlyrandom， and I was just recording food art on social media. But after winning， I started tothink about making a living from food art，”she said.

Winning the competition kick⁃started Adam’s and her full⁃time job is now cre⁃ating art for food brands such as Maggi and Dangote Salt.“I want to in more exhibi⁃tions. I currently live in Kwara， northern Nigeria; it is difficult to make a in thecountry’s art scene from here，”she said.

21. A. distributing B. mixing C. presenting D. selling

22. A. always B. hardly C. never D. usually

23. A. dilemma B. reputation C. standard D. talent

24. A. alternative B. regular C. compulsory D. specific

25. A. artificial B. modest C. random D. visual

26. A. collects B. devotes C. inspects D. sees

27. A. sponsored B. donated C. expanded D. possessed

28. A. background B. competition C. discovery D. victory

29. A. avoiding B. exploring C. protecting D. sorting

30. A. finished B. inspired C. submitted D. selected

31. A. attached to B. occupied with C. made from D. linked to

32. A. actively B. frequently C. mildly D. roughly

33. A. view B. space C. reward D. career

34. A. give B. bring C. result D. participate

35. A. profit B. promise C. difference D. decision

第二節（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Liu Naiqi released a song titled Light of the Snow， 36. ________（celebrate） the Beijing2022 Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Paralympics. 37. ________（write） by Zhao Jia⁃lin and Cui Shu， the upbeat and cheerful song celebrated the Olympic spirit and sent good38.________ （wish） to the athletes. Born and raised in Cangzhou， Hebei Province， Liu wasa die⁃hard fan of rock music 39.________ a teenager. The self⁃taught guitarist formed40. ________（he） own rock band and performed in local schools. 41.________ （short） be⁃fore he graduated from high school， Liu decided to pursue musical study and become a pro⁃fessional singer. In 2005， he enrolled at Hebei Normal University to study music，42.________ enabled him to learn bel canto （美声） singing. After 43. ________（graduate）from the university， the 44. ________（ambition） young tenor left his hometown and tried toget a job as a soloist （独唱者） or a chorus member in Beijing. In 2008， Liu stood out at anaudition （试唱） for the chorus of the China National Symphony Orchestra. In 2014， he wasinvited to join Lotus TV， a satellite television station from Macao， as its musical directorand as a program host. So far the tenor 45.________ （represent） Macao at many national ga⁃las， including the gala to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Macao’s return to China in 2019.

第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并希望你给他介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：

1. 该人物是谁;

2. 该人物的主要贡献;

3. 该人物对你的影响。

注意：

1. 词数80左右;

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

Yours，

Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Years ago， in a small fishing village in Holland， a young boy taught the world the re⁃wards of unselfish service.

Because the entire village lived on fishing， a volunteer rescue team was needed incase of emergency. One night， the winds screaming， a fishing boat was turned over by astrong storm at sea. The crew in trouble sent out the SOS signals. The captain of the rescuerowboat team sounded the alarm and the villagers gathered in the town square overlookingthe sea. When the team got on their rescue boat and fought their way through the wildwaves， the villagers waited nervously on the beach， holding lamps to light the way back.

An hour later， the rescue boat reappeared through the fog and the cheering villagersran to greet them. Falling exhausted on the sand， the volunteers reported that the rescueboat could not hold any more passengers and they had to leave one man behind. Even onemore passenger would have surely overturned the rescue boat and all the people on boardwould have been lost.

Anxiously， the captain called for another volunteer team to look for the lone survivor.Sixteen?year⁃old Hans stepped forward. His mother held his arm， crying，“Please don’t go.Your father died in a shipwreck （船舶失事） 10 years ago and your elder brother， Paul， has been lost at sea for three weeks. Hans， you are all I have left.”

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1：

Hans replied，“Mother， I have to go.__________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

Another hour passed， which seemed to Hans mother like a century.__________

_______________________________________________________________________________