1. offer   vt. & vi.（主动）提出（愿意做某事），

自愿给予;提供（东西或机会）

（1）offer sth   提出……，提供……

He offered some useful advice.

他提出了一些有益的建议。

（2）offer to do sth   主动提出做某事

The kids offered to do the dishes after supper.

孩子们主动要求晚饭后洗盘子。

（3）offer sth to sb = offer sb sth   向某人提供某物

They decided to offer the job to Mike.

他们决定把这份工作给迈克。

She kindly offered me a cup of hot chocolate.

她体贴地递给我一杯热巧克力。

2. respect   vt.   遵守;尊敬，尊重

The teacher asks the students to respect the traffic rules.

老師要求学生们遵守交通规则。

He respects my opinions on most subjects.

在大多数问题上，他尊重我的意见。

respect sb for...   因……尊重某人

She has always been honest with me， and I respect her for that.

她一直对我很诚实，我非常敬重她这一点。

respect   n.   尊重，尊敬;（事物的）方面，细节

Everyone has a right to be treated with respect.

人人有权受到尊重。

In this respect we are very fortunate.

在这方面，我们是很幸运的。

（1）have/show respect for sb   尊敬某人

I have the greatest respect for your brother.

我非常尊敬你的哥哥。

（2）with respect to sth   关于……，谈到……

With respect to your other suggestions， I am not yet able to tell you our decision.

关于你的其他建议，我现在还不能把我们的决定告诉你。

3. direct   vt.      指挥;导演

adj.    笔直的;直接的

adv.   直线地;径直地

Im lost. Can you direct me to the nearest supermarket？

我迷路了。你能给我指去最近超市的路吗？

Who directed that new British film？

那部新的英国影片是谁导演的？

My friend took a direct flight from London to New York.

我的朋友搭乘的是从伦敦直飞纽约的航班。

It costs more to fly direct to Paris.

直飞巴黎的航班票价要贵些。

4. earn   vt. & vi.   挣（钱）;获得;赢得

Now that youre earning， you should think about buying a house.

既然你开始挣钱了，就该想想买房子的事了。

She has earned a break after all that hard work.

她干完那些苦活后终于得到了一次休息的机会。

Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.

公司必须树立诚信的声誉。

earn ones living   谋生

earn a fortune   挣大钱

5. require   vt.   需要;规定;要求

（1）require sth   需要……

These pets require a lot of care and attention.

这些宠物需要悉心照顾。

（2）require + that从句

在动词require后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气形式。

The manager required that we （should） work all night.

经理要求我们通宵工作。

（3）require sb to do sth   要求某人做某事

All candidates will be required to take a short test.

所有候选者都要参加一次简短的测试。

（4）require doing sth   需要做某事

This house requires cleaning.

房子需要打扫了。

6. demand   n.   要求;需要

Do you think they will give in to the terrorists demands？

你认为他们会对恐怖分子的要求让步吗？

There is not much demand for houses of this sort.

人们对这种类型的房屋需求不大。

in （great） demand （非常）需要

Oil is in great demand these days.

目前对石油的需求很大。

注意：

在动词demand后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气形式。

The boss demanded that Tom （should） reply within a week.

老板要求汤姆在一周内做出答复。

7. suffer   vi.   遭受（痛苦）

vt.   遭受，蒙受

If the factory closes， the other local businesses will suffer too.

这家工厂如果倒闭，当地的其他企业也要遭受损失。

She suffers from headaches.

她被头痛折磨着。

He suffered a massive heart attack.

他有很严重的心脏病。

8. double   vi. & vt.   加倍，是……的两倍

n.   两倍，两倍数

adj.   两倍的;成双的;供两者用的

Membership almost doubled within two years.

两年内会员数目几乎翻了一番。

They doubled their output with the new machine.

他们使用这种新机器使产量提高了一倍。

9. in particular   尤其;特别

He loves science fiction in particular.

他特别喜爱科幻小说。

Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.

彼得躺在沙发上无所事事。

be particular about/over...   对……极为挑剔/讲究

She is very particular about her clothes.

她对衣着特别挑剔。

Chuck is too particular over what he eats and drinks.

查克对于他的饮食太讲究了。

10. in theory   理论上;从理论上来说

in practice   实际上;在实践中

In theory the train should arrive at 8 oclock， but in practice it is quite often late.

在理论上火车应该八点到达，但实际上它经常晚点。

11. take... for granted   以为……理所当然

I took it for granted that youd want to come with us， so I bought you a ticket.

我認为你想同我们一起去是理所当然的，所以给你买了一张票。

12. have an effect on   对……产生影响

The medicine has a good effect on me.

这种药对我有很好的疗效。

These advertisements didnt have much effect on sales.

这些广告对销售额没起到多大作用。

come into effect   生效，开始实施

bring/put sth into effect   使生效;实行

take effect   開始起作用，见效

13. in response to   作为……的回应

The product was developed in response to customers demand.

这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。

She opened the door in response to the knock.

听到敲门声后，她便打开了门。

名言警句

No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy， no influence can defeat us.

除我们自己外，没有人能贬低我们;如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。

—B. T. Washington， American educator

——B. T. 华盛顿（美国教育家）

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

From my first day， I was attending press conferences and other media events all over town. I got to attend events at places I had never thought Id get to： the White House， the Senate and House of Representative buildings at the Capitol， the Department of Health and Human Services， just to name a few. And I was sent to cover these events as if I were a reporter， not just an intern （实习生）.

In fact， I never really felt like an intern. I was given the opportunity to do the work that everyone else at the paper was doing. I covered stories on my own and wrote the articles myself. I was included in discussions for story ideas. I helped to edit （编辑） the articles that went into the paper. I was able to take part in every aspect of the newspaper that I wanted to experience.

The best part of working at the Nations Health was the staff. They were supportive in letting me go out and do things on my own， while I always knew that they would be more than happy to answer any question or help me with any problem I might have. Best of all， they treated me as their equal， not just an intern whom they could get to do all the work they didnt want to do.

After interning at the Nations Health for nearly seven months and having more than 30 articles published， I had to move on. My experience gave me insight into how the media work， which helps me when Im trying to choose stories. In addition， it showed me that work really can be fun.

1. What impressed the author most when working at the Nations Health？

A. Being left to work alone.

B. Being treated equally by the employees.

C. Covering stories and writing articles.

D. Coming up with story ideas for the newspaper.

2. The author had thought an intern would be made to .

A. go to many places B. help others frequently

C. do a lot of boring things D. get help from a professional reporter

3. What did the author think of her experience of working at the Nations Health？

A. Meaningful. B. Disappointing. C. Tiring. D. Surprising.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about the author？

A. The experience working as an intern.

B. The happiness to be an intern.

C. The first day as a professional reporter.

D. The opportunity to work at the Nations Health.

阅读七选五

I would like to be a dentist in the future. 1 The patient， warm dentist comforted me， a 7-year-old girl at the time， and convinced me to stop crying and to accept my treatment.

2 Recently， our teacher gave us the homework of experiencing a kind of job on the weekend. I chose without hesitation （猶豫） to live a day as a dentist at my friends older brothers workplace.

I got to Dr Tans clinic at 7：45 am， 15 minutes before office hours began on Saturday. Dr Tan， who has been a dentist for five years， sat in his consulting room with a mask on his face and waited for his patients. I didnt really understand his diagnoses or treatments， but I could see that Dr Tan was a responsible doctor. He explained conditions and therapies （治疗方案） to patients at length to remove their doubts. He paused operations to let patients rest if the treatment was taking too much time. 3 Dr Tan worked for almost the whole morning without a break. He only made a phone call to his wife to remind her to have an antenatal （产前） examination. Yes， he will be a father in five months， but he still cannot keep his wife company at the weekend. 4 They try to ease others pain anytime and anywhere， despite the cost to their own time and life.

As the last patient said goodbye to Dr Tan in the afternoon， my visit came to an end. I now feel that I understand more about doctors. 5

A. My dream has finally come true.

B. They are the heroes I admire most.

C. Doctors are ordinary people， yet they are very good and kind.

D. It helps me to reduce stress， find friends and learn new skills.

E. I thought it was a dream that was almost impossible to realize.

F. Thats all because of a dentist I came across during my childhood.

G. He also gave a doctors advice to his patients carefully before they went out of the door.

1. ___________   2.___________   3.___________   4.___________  5.___________

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

When faced with difficult situations in their lives， many people find them too1and give up， especially on their life dreams， but not for Gabriel Heredia.

Gabriel is a 20-year-old Argentinian barber who was born without hands. Despite his physical2 ， he was able to grow up happy and3 . He also always had the support of friends and family， never feeling4treated at all by his schoolmates. At the age of 14， he5working as a barber， and learned all the techniques to perfect haircuts. Although he first saw it as a hobby， Gabriel quickly6that this was the profession he wanted to work in.

His family7him to open his first barbershop， which he worked at for one and a half years. There， he8the president of Argentina Corta， an organization for barbers to connect， to do charity work in less fortunate9 ， and teach hairdressing to those who are10 . Gabriel is now part of Argentina Corta， offering his services to people of all11so they can build up the12they need to get decent （體面的） jobs.

As a bright and caring young man， Gabriel13not only to be a barber， but also to make a14with the neighborhood， “The thing that I like most of my15is that people feel comfortable and stylish with my cuts and that makes me16 .”

Nowadays， Gabriel runs his own barber shop in Buenos Aires， where people17up around the block for his services. Gabriels18shows that the barriers （障碍） we face in life are never19to deal with successfully. Whatever problem you face， you can20tackle （处理） it by adopting the right mindset， and never giving up.

1. A. dangerous B. cruel C. large D. challenging

2. A. energy B. power C. disability D. illness

3. A. independent B. honest C. wealthy D. careful

4. A. equally B. fairly C. differently D. kindly

5. A. started B. continued C. stopped D. imagined

6. A. promised B. hoped C. realized D. predicted

7. A. advised B. forced C. expected D. helped

8. A. became B. met C. invited D. influenced

9. A. neighborhoods B. clubs C. schools D. organizations

10. A. lucky B. confused C. interested D. intelligent

11. A. levels B. races C. types D. ages

12. A. images B. trust C. skills D. respect

13. A. fails B. attempts C. happens D. refuses

14. A. connection B. conversation C. discussion D. bargain

15. A. future B. shop C. dream D. job

16. A. special B. generous C. confident D. happy

17. A. turn B. line C. end D. pick

18. A. story B. lesson C. decision D. choice

19. A. hard B. impossible C. likely D. useless

20. A. almost B. usually C. hardly D. never

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

I got my first job at 12 as a waitress. It certainly was tiring but interesting. And when I went on to college， it paid for tuition and housing and eventually， a camera.

From the moment I picked up a camera， I was attracted. All I wanted to do was take pictures for the university newspaper， the Minnesota Daily. The paper at that time was one of the largest in the state and was produced by young journalists who went on to work at every major magazine in the country. For the final two years， I just wanted to be a photographer. The week I finished college， I was hired by the Worthington Daily Globe.

Jim Vance was the top-notch publisher of the Globe. He had very high expectations of all the staff. It was perfect training for my future career at National Geography. I was the youngest photographer working for National Geography when I arrived in 1978， and I spent at least a decade just trying not to make mistakes. While I was grateful for the opportunity， it was very difficult for me. With each new task came the fear that this was going to be the one where they figured out that I couldnt do the job. On many tasks， the most challenging part turned out to be the transportation. Over the years， I traveled by horse， car， train， truck and all sorts of old vehicles. Wherever I traveled in the world， I wanted my pictures to make a real difference in peoples lives.

I am deeply grateful for the amazing lessons photography has taught me. Ive learnt that women really do hold up half the sky; that language isnt always necessary， but touch usually is; that all people are not alike， but they do mostly have the same hopes， and fears.

1. What was the author when she took the job of a photographer？

A. A writer. B. A waitress. C. A college graduate. D. A newspaper reporter.

2. How did the author feel when she began working for National Geography？

A. Inspired. B. Worried. C. Touched. D. Disappointed.

3. What has the author learned from photography？

A. Women and men are not equal in some countries.

B. People hold different hopes and ideas towards life.

C. Transportation is the most challenging in travelling.

D. People can still understand each other despite language difference.

4. How is the text developed？

A. By making comparisons. B. By giving examples.

C. By time. D. By space.

B

Cooking is Chris Spears passion. Hes been professionally cooking since he was 16. Over the years， he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him. Thats when he missed flexibility and wanted to be more creative. So， he quit working for restaurants and set up his own catering （餐饮） company， Perfect Little Bites in Frederick， Maryland.

Spending long hours in the kitchen doesnt tire Spear， but he had often been concerned that becoming an independent chef would make him feel lonely. Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didnt cost them any money. That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants， an online resource for chefs.

Now he has a Facebook group where he can post information about， for instance， a potential （潛在的） customer who wants to arrange a dinner in a given location and within a certain price range， and he can offer interested chefs more information. Customers can also benefit from this network. Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members， learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater， large or small.

Sharon Streb， owner of Oil & Vinegar Frederick which introduces cooking ideas and chefs to their customers， said small businesses should help one another succeed. “When other chefs and businesses come to my store， they get in front of our customers and hopefully we get in front of their customers. Thats a win-win for both of us，” she said. “Its tough out there for a small business， and not a lot of small businesses succeed. Its important that we can work together and be successful， both of us. ”

5. Why did Spear start his own business？

A. He got tired of being a chef. B. He longed to help other chefs.

C. He wanted to make more profits. D. He sought not to be bound.

6. What is the original purpose of Chefs Without Restaurants？

A. To compete with other chefs. B. To provide training for chefs.

C. To share resources among chefs. D. To set up online restaurants.

7. What on the network will appeal to customers？

A. Data about chefs. B. Price ranges of dinners.

C. Locations of restaurants. D. Events held around.

8. Why does the author quote Sharon Strebs words in Paragraph 4？

A. To reveal the toughness of small businesses. B. To stress the significance of Spears work.

C. To call on other businesses to join the group. D. To show customers appreciation for Spear.

跟蹤导练（四）

完形填空

YosDive is on the waterfront. Next to it is a village with a beautiful sandy beach， with the

1100 meters out. We often dived there. One time， however， something2struck me. While diving on the house reef （屋礁）， I was3by the trash and plastic in the water and on the beach.

As I was considering ways to4the trash that month， I suddenly hit upon a（n）5then. I decided to ask several children to6a plastic bag with garbage from the beach in7for cookies. The kids were cooperative （合作的）， and their bags were full—my plan8 . When the dive boats returned， the village children came aboard and we gave them9 .

Days later， more helpers10my plan. A young couple took over the distribution of bags for the garbage gathering and the cookie11 . Plenty of children were soon12 ， with this simple system at place.

Then I realized this project might have a（n）13 . Ronnie told me there was a trash removal group called Trash Heroes in Bali， whose members are given yellow14with a black “Trash Heroes” on the front.

So we also bought some and15them to the children. The T-shirts have gone over in a big way： The beach， once covered with garbage， now looks16 . It is a small beginning， yet it certainly will grow and17 . A team of volunteers soon formed18 . People of all walks of life make their19 . Even the mayor of our city20support. Now the project still grows fast. What fun！

1. A. waterfront B. house reef C. playground D. local beach

2. A. terrible B. familiar C. typical D. simple

3. A. inspired B. amused C. shocked D. confused

4. A. destroy B. handle C. organize D. throw

5. A. story B. plan C. excuse D. suggestion

6. A. compare B. connect C. cover D. fill

7. A. preparation B. store C. exchange D. search

8. A. improved B. failed C. worked D. changed

9. A. bags B. boxes C. candies D. cookies

10. A. joined in B. gave up C. took off D. turned down

11. A. brands B. awards C. efforts D. sacrifices

12. A. arguing B. queuing C. thinking D. cooperating

13. A. future B. ending C. error D. beginning

14. A. hats B. gloves C. T-shirts D. shorts

15. A. converted B. distributed C. attached D. applied

16. A. quiet B. peaceful C. powerful D. acceptable

17. A. spread B. reduce C. explode D. occur

18. A. secretly B. unwillingly C. bravely D. voluntarily

19. A. contributions B. discoveries C. donations D. comments

20. A. gained B. refused C. offered D. lacked

跟蹤导练（五）

阅读理解

In todays information age， its nearly impossible to avoid using social media. According to USA Today， even American universities are increasingly using social media as a learning tool. Their goal is to teach students how to use social media professionally.

Jade Johnson is taking an upper level advertising course at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. For the class， he has had to organize and promote （推动） a contest via Facebook， Twitter and Instagram， channels that are commonly used by advertising firms.

“A lot of times students prefer not to use certain social media， but are forced to because of the class，” says Jade.

Some students may be reluctant （不情愿的） to create an account， but Jade says that it is helpful because social media skills mean better job opportunities in todays world.

More college classes are appearing that are designed specially to teach students about social media， offering them a different look into something they may use on a daily basis.

Jenna Kapsis， a senior at William Paterson University， was required to post two Tweets on Twitter and one update on Facebook per week in her Digital and Social Media Communication class. The course had a specific Facebook page where students would create discussion groups and post links.

“Some of the topics included social media manners， online marketing and current events，” Kapsis says.

As technology continues to develop， colleges and universities will likely continue to find ways to combine it with their teaching. Whether its to create discussion groups， carry out plans， or communicate with students， professors are ensuring that students can see the potential （潜力） of mastering social media platforms.

1. What can we infer from the text about social media skills？

A. Students are reluctant to use them. B. They are difficult to master.

C. They have been expanded to some courses. D. It is a heavy burden for students.

2. What is the advantage of social media skills according to Jade？

A. It improves students learning quality.

B. It offers students a different look into things.

C. It contributes to the possibility of good jobs.

D. It betters teacher-student communication.

3. What can be applied to combine social media with teaching？

a. Communicating with students. b. Creating discussion groups.

c. Doing some experiments. d. Carrying out plans.

A. a， b， c B. a， c， d C. a， b， d D. b， c， d

4. Why do the US universities focus on the promotion of social media skills？

A. It will help professors carry out researches more easily.

B. It can improve the universities teaching quality.

C. It can increase the universities competitiveness.

D. It will be of great importance in the society.

選词填空

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

freeze disappear respect require organize

post personal renew apply tradition

1. The children all have very different___________.

2. We receive hundreds of job___________from graduates each year.

3. His sudden___________ is being looked into by the police.

4. She is intelligent but her work lacks___________.

5. We will add 15 new ___________ next year in order to develop and expand our company.

6. A formal contract is signed which is___________ annually.

7. The lake ___________  by the time we arrived there.

8. Michael says his country wants to develop its___________ friendship with China.

9. Your views should ___________ although I dont agree with them now.

10. The situation at that time ___________that he be present.

语法填空

No one thought that young Albert Einstein would grow up to change the world. He was so slow in learning to speak that he was considered a bit1（fool）.

Albert Einstein was never happy in school. He answered slowly because he was very thoughtful， and he asked difficult questions， which made his teachers think that he was trying2（make） trouble. The strict discipline of a German school made him very3（happy）.

However， young Einstein4（do） learn what interested him， and he was interested in what lay below the surface of things. For instance， his father once gave him a compass （指南针）. This made Einstein curious5the unseen forces that could keep a compass needle always6（point） north. In his teens he read deep in science. He had already started to wonder about the mysteries of7universe.

At the age of 17， Einstein entered the Polytechnic Institute in Zurich， Switzerland，8he studied mathematics and physics. He stayed away from many lectures and did not impress his professors， but he was9（actual） studying very hard all the time. When he graduated in 1900， he asked to be appointed （任命） as an assistant in the physics department but10（refuse）.

1.___________ 2. ___________3. ___________ 4.___________ 5.___________

6.___________ 7. ___________ 8. ___________ 9.___________ 10.___________

跟踪导练（六）

短文改错

I began to look for work after I finished the school last year. Now several month later， I still didnt find the job I was interested. Last Sunday morning I received a call from a man calling him Mr Smith. He said to me on the phone， “I hear you did very well in your studies， but I may have a job for you.” When I entered his office， I felt very nervous with my heart beat fast. How I hoped I would get through the job-hunting talk and he will accept me as a lab assistant. But to my surprise， that he said was disappointed. He only needed a model.

书面表达

假定你是学校英文报主编李华，该报急需招聘一名助理编辑。请你以“An English Editor Wanted”为题，用英语写一则招聘启事。内容包括：

1﹒职位描述;

2﹒应聘要求;

3﹒联系方式。

注意：

1﹒词数100左右;

2﹒可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

An English Editor Wanted

背景大链接

Five Meaningful Happy Jobs

五大有意义的幸福工作

“A meaningful life must， in some sense then， feel worthwhile. The person living the life must be engaged by it. A life of commitment to causes that are generally defined as worthy—like feeding and clothing the poor or tending the ill—but that do not move the person participating in them will lack meaningfulness in this sense. However， for a life to be meaningful， it must also be worthwhile. Engagement in a life of tiddlywinks does not rise to the level of a meaningful life， no matter how gripped one might be by the game.” This is what underlies the difference between the happiest jobs and the most hated jobs.

“富有意義的生活在一定意义上必须让人感到值得。过这种生活的人必须全身心投入其中。如果一个人的生活奉献给了普遍被认为有价值的事业，比方说给贫苦人提供衣食或照顾病患，但如果这并没有使这个人心甘情愿参与其中，那么在这一意义上讲，生活就失去了意义。然而，富有意义的人生也必须是值得拥有的。充斥着挑圆片游戏的人生并没有上升到有意义的人生高度，不管一个人对这个游戏可能是多么的着迷。”这就是最幸福的工作与最令人厌恶的工作的根本区别。

1. Firefighter  消防员

80 percent of firefighters are “very satisfied” with their jobs， which involve helping people.

80%的消防员对自己的工作“非常满意”，因为这份工作是在给予人们帮助。

2. Author  作家

For most authors， the pay is ridiculously low or non-existent， but the autonomy of writing down the contents of your own mind apparently leads to happiness.

对于大多数作家来说，他们的报酬少得可怜或者根本没有，但是能自由地写下自己心中的所想显然会带来幸福。

3. Special Education Teacher  特殊教育老师

If you dont care about money， a job as special education teacher might be a happy profession.

如果你不在乎金钱，特殊教育老师这个工作或许是个幸福的职业。

4. Artist  艺术家

Sculptors and painters report high job satisfaction， despite the great difficulty in making a living from it.

雕刻家和画家据说是工作满意度高的职业，尽管依靠这一职业谋生有着相当大的困难。

5. Psychologist  心理学家

Psychologists may or may not be able to solve other peoples problems， but it seems that they have managed to solve their own.

心理学家能不能解决别人的问题这不好说，但是似乎他们总有办法解决自己的问题。