王艳萍

在英语句子中，谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫“主谓一致”。近几年高考，对该内容的考查主要涉及“语法一致”“意义一致”“就近一致”这几方面。

下面，笔者先向大家介绍语法一致的具体用法。

“语法一致”是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。当主语为单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式;当主语为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。

单数可数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例：Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.（2016·全国卷II）

注意：由what引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语从句指代的意义。

例①：What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped.

例②：What we need are ten books.

“and / both...and...”连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如，Both the students and the teacher are playing football now.

1.如果and连接的两个并列主语指的是同一个人或事物（第二个名词前没有限定词），谓语动词要用单数形式。

例：The poet and writer has produced many works.（这位诗人兼作家出版了许多作品。）

2.由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each、every修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：Every hour and every minute is very valuable.

主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有“with， together with， along with， like， as well as， as much as， more than， rather than， except， but， besides， including”等具有连接意义的单词或词组，谓语动词仍用单数形式，此为就前（远）原则。

例：The musician along with his band members ________ （give） ten performances in the last three months.（2019·江苏卷）

【解析】句子主语“The musician”是单数形式，根据“in the last three months”可知句子的時态为现在完成时，故填“has given”。

主语是“either/neither/each/every/no +单数名词”或由some、any、no、every构成的复合不定代词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：When every pupil in the school wears the uniform， nobody has to worry about fashion.（2019·浙江卷）

trousers、glasses、clothes、shoes、jeans等由两部分构成一个整体的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如，My trousers are old， so I want to buy a new pair.

1.如果主语前有a series of、a kind of、a piece of、a pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例：A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.

2.如果主语为“名词+ of this kind”，谓语动词应与of前的名词保持数的一致。

例：Apples of this kind are highly priced.

“many a/more than one +单数名词（许多……）”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“more +复数名词+ than one”作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

例①：Many a student in our class likes pop music while many students in their class like classic music.

例②：More members than one are against your plan.

表示数量的短语“a quantity of / an amount of +名词”或“quantities of / amounts of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据quantity和amount的单复数形式而定。

例①：A large amount of clean water is waster every day.

例②：Large quantities of money have been spent on the project so far; it is enough.

在倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数形式应和其后主语保持一致。

例：By the lake are two chemical works， one of which was built last year.

定语从句中的语法一致

1.在定语从句中，关系代词that、who、which作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

例：If you look at all sides of the situation， youll find probably a solution that suits everyone.（2020·江苏卷）

2.先行词是“one of +复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。

例：Tommy was one of the doctors who were devoted to saving peoples lives in WuHan.

注意：“one of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，如2021年高考全国甲卷的短文改错中“One of the questions are：Who will you go to in times of trouble？”这一句需要考生把“are”改为“is”。

3.先行词是“the only one of +复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

例：She is the only one of the children who is good at music here.