凸轮轴凸轮表面缺陷检测与诊断方法的研究
2022-01-20徐刚强周康康曹毅胡火明阚李近
徐刚强 周康康 曹毅 胡火明 阚李近



摘要:凸轮轴是高速运转的复杂轴类零件,是发动机五大核心部件之一。由于凸轮异形,在智能制造中采用视觉检测技术时,其磨削后凸轮面反光,对检测系统的设计带来挑战。本研究提出一种凸轮视觉检测方法,利用拍摄凸轮图片进行阈值二值化,提取凸轮轮廓,得到凸轮表面选定区域,再进行缺陷轮廓提取,得到缺陷轮廓,对表面缺陷的大小和周长进行筛选后实现缺陷的分类。同时还探讨视觉检测CPS数据模型融入凸轮轴智能制造大系统的方案。
Abstract: Camshaft is a complex shaft part running at high speed. It is one of the five core components of the engine. Due to the special shape of cam, when visual inspection technology is used in intelligent manufacturing, the reflection of cam surface after grinding brings challenges to the design of inspection system. In this study, a cam visual detection method is proposed. The threshold binarization is carried out by taking cam pictures, the cam contour is extracted, the selected area of cam surface is obtained, and then the defect contour is extracted to obtain the defect contour. After screening the size and perimeter of surface defects, the defect classification is realized. At the same time, the scheme of integrating visual inspection CPS data model into camshaft intelligent manufacturing system is also discussed.
關键词:凸轮轴;表面缺陷;视觉检测;智能制造
Key words: camshaft;surface defects;visual inspection;intelligent manufacturing
中图分类号:TP391.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-957X(2022)04-0008-03
0 引言
作为各类发动机的核心零件,凸轮轴作为发动机“五大关键核心零部件(缸体、曲轴、连杆、凸轮轴、缸盖)”之一,是各类发动机的最为关键传动核心零部件,其性能对发动机的功率、扭矩、油耗、排放等性能起决定性作用。凸轮表面形状是异型的,有桃形、负曲、偏心等复杂外形,对其自动检测技术应用带来很大困难;而且高精度磨削加工使凸轮表面反光,加上磨削液和碎屑残留,对视觉系统光路设计和算法的智能性带来很大考验。
机器视觉检测通过用机器模拟人眼能实施非接触式、快速检测,可用于产品尺寸测量、缺陷检测、定位与识别与控制,能大幅提升产品的质量和可靠性,提高生产效率、降低劳动强度。随着机器视觉和计算机技术的不断发展,工业界中机器视觉的技术应用也越来越多。……
