郑鑫程 王剑凯 曾晓莹 邱荣祖 王占永 胡喜生

摘 要：機动车保有量的增加导致城市道路环境污染日益严峻，其中重金属污染对道路周边环境以及行人健康都存在极大隐患。为探究交通量及不同扩散条件对道路环境中重金属含量的影响，本文选取福州市金鸡山隧道路段上10个采样点获取路面沉积物样本，并采用X射线荧光光谱分析仪测定沉积物中重金属含量，基于因子分析等方法探究主要受交通活动影响的重金属元素。结果显示，Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Y、Pd、Pb主要受交通活动影响。将各采样点样本中7种重金属含量进行对比发现，位于隧道内的样本中，车流量较高侧采样点样品中重金属含量高于较低侧的比例高达76.19%，含量比值为104%～182%;隧道内外样本对比结果显示，83.33%的隧道内样本含量大于隧道外，比值介于101%～231%;以福州市土壤地球化学元素背景值中重金属含量作为评价标准，采用单项污染指数法得出隧道内车流量高、低侧的重金属综合污染指数分别为5.11、4.73，处于重度污染水平;隧道内外则分别为5.20、4.43。由结果可知，较高的车流量会加剧隧道内重金属污染水平，同时，隧道封闭的环境加剧了机动车排放的重金属在路面沉积物中的富集。

关键词：道路环境污染评价;污染物扩散;因子分析;重金属污染;隧道测试

中图分类号：U121 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-8023（2021）06-0118-08

Abstract：The urban road environment is becoming more serious with the increase of motor vehicles， among which the threat of heavy metal pollution has greater danger to the surrounding environment and pedestrian health. To explore the influence of traffic volume and different diffusion conditions on heavy metal content in road environment， 10 sampling points on the section of Jinjishan Tunnel in Fuzhou City were selected to obtain road sediment samples. XRF-DP 4050 was used to determine the content of heavy metals in the sediments， and factor analysis was adopted to identified the heavy metals contributed by traffic activities. The results showed that heavy metals such as Cr， Fe， Cu， Zn， Y， Pd， Pb were mainly affected by traffic activities. Comparing the contents of 7 kinds of heavy metals in the samples at each sampling point， it was found that in the samples located in the tunnel， the proportion of heavy metals in the samples on the higher side of the traffic flow than the lower side was as high as 76.19%， and the content ratio was 104%-182%. The comparison of samples inside and outside the tunnel showed that 83.33% of the heavy metal content in the tunnel was higher than outside， and the ratio was between 101%-231%. Taking the heavy metal content in the soil geochemical background value of Fuzhou City as the evaluation standard， the comprehensive pollution indexes of heavy metals on the high and low sides of traffic flow in the tunnel were 5.11 and 4.73 respectively， which was at a heavy pollution level. And the inside and outside of the tunnel were 5.20 and 4.43 respectively. It can be seen from the results that a higher traffic flow will aggravate the level of heavy metal pollution in the tunnel， and at the same time， the closed environment of the tunnel will aggravate the accumulation of heavy metals emitted by motor vehicles in the road surface sediments.

Keywords：Road environmental assessment; pollution diffusion; factor analysis; heavy metal pollution; tunnel test

0 引言

随着我国经济的高速增长，机动车保有量及道路通车里程逐年递增，机动车已成为我国空气污染的重要污染物排放源，对城市环境造成极大威胁，影响着人们的健康。……