张吕成 张一帆 董灵波

摘 要：为研究大兴安岭地区森林景观结构的形成和维持机制，本文以2010年Landsat TM遥感影像和同期一类调查数据为基础，采用一阶条件强度的核密度函数和二阶条件强度的O-ring统计方法研究该地区的主要森林景观类型（落叶松白桦混交林、天然落叶松林、天然白桦林和针阔混交林）的空间分布格局及其关联性。结果表明：①大興安岭的主要景观类型为落叶松白桦混交林、天然落叶松林、天然白桦林和针阔混交林，占区域总面积72.44%;②核密度分析表明，4种主要景观类型在空间上分布具有明显的聚集特征，其平均斑块密度为2.33～6.0 个/km2，空间变异系数达39.7%～49.5%;③4种景观类型均在小尺度上呈现聚集分布（0～20 km），随着尺度的增大逐渐呈现出随机分布或均匀分布;④各景观类型之间在小尺度上呈现出显著的正关联性或负关联性，而在大尺度上则以无关联性或负关联性为主。本研究为该地区森林可持续经营提供理论依据。

关键词：大兴安岭;点格局分析;O-ring函数;核密度函数;空间关联性

中图分类号：S718. 54 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-8023（2021）06-0001-09

Abstract：In order to study the formation and maintenance mechanism of forest landscape structure in Daxingan Mountains， this paper studied the main forest landscape types （Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla mixed forest， Natural Larix gmelinii forest， Natural Betula platyphylla forest and Natural coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest） and their spatial distribution by using the first-order conditional intensity kernel density function and second-order conditional intensity O-ring statistic method based on Landsat TM remote sensing images in 2010 and a type of investigation data. The results showed that： ① The main landscape types in Daxingan Mountains were natural Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla mixed forest， natural Larix gmelinii forest， natural Betula platyphylla forest and natural coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest， accounting for 72.44% of the total area. ② The results of kernel density analysis showed that spatial distribution of the four main landscape types had obvious aggressive characteristics. The mean patch density was 2.33-6.0 patch/km2， and the coefficient of spatial variation was 39.7%-49.5%.③ The four landscape types showed aggregative distribution on small scale （0-20 km）， and with the increase of scales， they showed random distribution or even distribution.？④ The landscape types showed significant positive or negative correlation on a small scale， but on a large scale they were mostly negative or no correlation. This study is the theoretical basis for sustainable forest management in this area.

Keywords：Daxingan Mountains; point pattern analysis; O-ring function; kernel density function; spatial correlation

0 引言

景观格局是一种空间排列，在大自然的作用下或者在外界人力干扰下产生出形态不同、分布迥异的景观排布[1]。景观格局不仅能够体现出景观上的异质性，也体现在生态环境演变过程中外界环境造成不同程度上的干扰和作用。人们将没有规则的景观斑块图像进行分析处理，透过事物的表象看到事物的本质，发现图像中所隐藏的规律，得到景观格局形成的原因，从而分析景观格局形成的驱动因子。……