邹晓 韩燕峰 梁宗琦 瞿娇娇

摘 要：本文报道了来自中国贵州省两个产孢梗束的虫生真菌新种。一个为虫草属1新种，新莲蓬虫草Cordyceps neonelumboides  sp.nov.。该种寄生于蜘蛛体上，可孕部莲座状，成熟子囊孢子断裂成次生孢子，分隔细胞长15.3～18.0 μm。其无性型为刺束梗孢属，瓶梗指状，5.4～7.2 μm×0.8～1.0 μm;分生孢子长柱状，两端略尖，12.6～13.5 μm×1.5～1.8 μm，形成长的分生孢子链。另一个为被毛孢属1新种，毛虫被毛孢Hirsutella campes sp.nov.。该种显著特征为菌丝具隔，产孢细胞细长，锥形，或基部圆柱状，21.6～38.4 μm×2.4～4.8 μm，向上逐渐变细，宽0.9～1.5 μm，分生孢子单孢或多孢，橘瓣状、梭形，6.0～8.4 μm×2.9～4.3 μm。文中讨论了两个新种与相近种之间的区别以及系统发育关系。

关键词：虫草属;被毛孢属;形态特征;系统发育;分类

中图分类号：Q939.5

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）06-0001-10

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.06.001

Abstract：This paper reported two new species of entomopathogenic fungi producing synnema in Guizhou Province，China.The first new species of entomopathogenic fungi was Cordyceps neonelumboides  sp.nov.This fungus was parasitic on the spider body，the stroma was lotus-like，the mature ascospores were broken into secondary spores，and the length of separated cells was 15.3～18.0 μm.The anamorph was the genus Akanthomyces，and the conidiogenous cell was 5.4～7.2 μm×0.8～1.0 μm，cone-shape.The conidia were long cylindrical，slightly pointed at both ends and its size was 12.6～13.5 μm×1.5～1.8 μm.The other new species was the genus Hirsutella，H.campes  sp.nov.The distinctive feature of this species was that the hyphae were septal，the spore-forming cells were slender，tapered，or cylindrical at the base，21.6～38.4 μm×2.4～4.8 μm.The spore-forming cell was gradually thinning upwards，and the width of cell was 0.9～1.5 μm.The conidia were monospores or polyspores，orange petal-like，fusiform，6.0～8.4 μm×2.9～4.3 μm.This research also discussed the phylogenetic relationship between two new species and similar species.

Keywords：Cordyceps;Hirsutella;morphological characteristics;phylogenic analysis;taxonomy

蟲生真菌（entomopathogenic fungi）是一类能够寄生昆虫、蜘蛛等节肢动物并可导致寄主死亡的真菌，是自然界中节肢动物和线虫等种群的重要生物调控因子[1]。自然界中虫生真菌资源丰富，种类超过1000多种，

分布于壶菌门、子囊菌门、接合菌门、担子菌门、半知菌门等各个亚门中，其中得到广泛研究与应用的主要是子囊菌门类真菌[2]。随着人类生活水平的提高和生物技术的发展，虫生真菌被广泛应用于食品、医药、生防等多个方面。越来越多的研究发现，部分虫生真菌（蛹虫草、冬虫夏草、蝉花等）具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、抗衰老、降血脂血糖、提高人体免疫力等药用功效[3-6]。因此为满足人们对具有药用价值和保健作用的虫生真菌资源日益增加的需求，近年来国家陆续批准蛹虫草、蝉花（蝉棒束孢）作为新资源食品。……