任青 马娟娟 孙西欢 郭向红 段勇 李若帆

摘 要：通过糯玉米的大田试验，研究了全膜双垄沟播条件下全生育期不同施肥方式与灌水处理对糯玉米叶绿素含量与产量的影响，并分析两者的相关性，为探索双垄沟播条件下糯玉米的合理灌水与施肥提供参考。设置3种施肥方式与2种控制灌水方式，随机区组设计，测定每个生育期糯玉米叶片叶绿素含量。试验结果表明：①同等灌水条件下，N、K肥采用基施+追施的方式均比一次性基施的产量高，其中基施30%+大喇叭口期追施70%的效果较为显著;②叶绿素含量在全生育期内呈先上升后降低的趋势，且糯玉米的鲜穗重与叶绿素含量呈线性相关;③N、K肥基施30%+大喇叭口期追施70%与在播种期、拔节后期到孕穗期两个时期控水这一处理的糯玉米鲜穗产量最高，为17 026.07 kg/hm2，为最佳灌水施肥处理方式。

关键词：糯玉米;施肥方式;灌水;叶绿素;产量

中图分类号：S513   文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.11.029

引用格式：任青，马娟娟，孙西欢，等.灌溉与施肥方式对糯玉米叶绿素与产量的影响[J].人民黄河，2021，43（11）：150-153.

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization Methods on Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Waxy Corn

REN Qing1， MA Juanjuan1， SUN Xihuan   GUO Xianghong1， DUAN Yong1， LI Ruofan1

（1.College of Water Resources Science and Engineering， Taiyuan University of Technology，

Taiyuan 030024， China; 2.Jinzhong University， Jinzhong 030600， China）

Abstract： Through field experiments of waxy corn， the effects of different fertilization methods and irrigation treatments on chlorophyll content and yield of waxy corn under full film double ridge and furrow sowing conditions were studied， and the correlation between the two was analyzed. The rational irrigation and fertilization of waxy corn provided a reference. Three kinds of fertilization methods and two kinds of controlled irrigation were set up， and random block design was used to determine the chlorophyll content of waxy corn leaves in each growth period. The experimental results show that： a） under the same irrigation conditions， N and K fertilizers have higher yields by using basal + follow-up application than by using one-time basal application， and the effect of 30%+ 70% follow-up application in the stage of large trumpet opening is more significant; b） the chlorophyll content increases first and then decreases during the whole growth period， and the fresh ear yield of waxy corn is linearly correlated with the chlorophyll content; c） the highest yield of waxy corn fresh ear is 17 026.07 kg/hm2 with N and K fertilizer base application of 30%+ follow-up application of 70% during the period of large bell mouth and water control during sowing period， late jointing period and booting period， which is the best irrigation and fertilization treatment.

Key words： waxy corn; fertilization method; irrigation; chlorophyll; yield

土壤水分含量的变化影响土壤养分的有效性，而水肥是玉米生長中最重要的因素之一，水肥调控状况直接影响玉米各项生理生化指标、生长指标、干物质积累和水分利用效率等，最终影响产量[1-2]。相关研究表明，不同的灌水与施肥处理对玉米的生长、产量及其构成因素有不同程度的影响[3-5];施肥可显著提高玉米的籽粒产量，提高籽粒蛋白与可溶性糖的含量，改善玉米品质[6];氮肥追施的玉米叶片叶绿素含量显著高于不追肥处理[ 7]。……