探究3:词义推断题命题解读及备考策略
2021-12-08安徽陈凤莲
安徽 陈凤莲
一、命题解读
阅读能力是高考英语科的关键能力之一。根据《基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径》的表述,阅读理解考查7种能力:理解词汇,理解具体信息,理解主旨要义,理解观点、态度,理解目的,推断,理解文章结构、类型。 词汇是阅读理解的基本要素,考生应能辨别句子及语篇中词语(单词、词组或固定搭配)的意思或指代关系,并能够根据上下文判断词语在特定语境中的含义。
在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了《课程标准》词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,所以需要考生猜测其含义,这也是对词义推断的一种间接考查。近几年高考试卷中,阅读理解部分生词量有所扩大,试题难度也有所增加。这些单词既不在《课程标准》规定的词汇表内,又未加注释,这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义推断题,还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义, 这样才能透彻地理解文章,完成阅读理解任务。
高考中词义推断题的常见命题方式:
What does the underlined phrase “...” in paragraph 3 mean?
What does the underlined phrase “...” in paragraph 3 refer to?
What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph 4 (probably) mean?
What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph 4 refer to?
Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “...” in Para. 2?
What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 1?
Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined phrase“...”in Para.3?
Which of the following has the closest meaning to “...” in paragraph 4?
What is “...” in the last paragraph?
What does the underlined word “it/that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 probably mean?
近年来,高考对词义推断题的考查体现出以下几种命题趋势:
1. 要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词词组的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2. 要求所被推断词义的词一般为实词及其词组,可通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想及上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。……
