糖尿病性黄斑水肿的药物治疗现状
2021-11-30李艳春
李艳春
[关键词] 糖尿病;糖尿病性视网膜病变;糖尿病性黄斑水肿;药物治疗
[中图分类号] R587.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)18-0184-04
Status quo of medication for diabetic macular edema
LI Yanchun
Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Peoples Hospital of Qinzhou City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Qinzhou 535099, China
[Abstract] Diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are the two main causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic macular edema is the main cause of visual impairment in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. At present, the treatment methods of diabetic macular edema include fundus laser, medication and vitreous surgery. Vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory factors play a very important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic macular edema, and inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulate each other to secrete and promote the formation of diabetic macular edema. Therefore, the targeted medications mainly include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and corticosteroid drugs. Based on the deepening research of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and corticosteroid drugs in recent years, the status quo of medication for diabetic macular edema is reviewed.
[Key words] Diabetes; Diabetic retinopathy; Diabetic macular edema; Medication
糖尿病性黃斑水肿(Diabetic macular edema,DME)是糖尿病患者常见的眼部并发症,是引起糖尿病患者视功能损害的主要原因。随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的提高,糖尿病患病率增长迅速。方楚文等[1]通过调查贵阳市社区40岁及以上居民3年糖尿病累积发病情况,结果显示贵阳市40岁及以上人群糖尿病3年累积发病率高达6.13%。40岁以上的2型糖尿病患者糖尿病性视网膜病变(Diabeticretinopathy,DR)的发生率达28.5%,DME发生率达4.4%[2]。DME可发生于DR的各个时期,发病率随着DR的严重程度而升高。DME的治疗包括激光、药物及手术。随着对药物研究的不断深入,本文对DME的药物治疗现状进行综述。
1.抗血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物治疗
VEGF是DME发生发展的重要因子,抗VEGF药物是治疗DME的重要方法。目前临床上应用的抗VEGF药物有哌咖他尼钠、贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗、阿柏西普和康柏西普等。
1.1哌咖他尼钠(Pegaptanib,商品名Macugen)
哌咖他尼钠,2004年成为第一个获美国FDA批准的抗VEGF药物。其通过28个碱基核糖核酸的适配体特异性与VEGF165结合,阻止VEGF165与其受体结合,产生生物效应[3]。因其作用靶点单一、疗效差、性价比低,目前临床上已少用。
1.2贝伐单抗(Bevacizumab,商品Avastin)
贝伐单抗,2004年获得美国FDA认证。贝伐单抗是人源化的抗VEGF重组鼠单克隆抗体,可阻止VEGF与内皮细胞表面的VEGFRl和VEGFR2结合,产生生物效应[4]。姜红等[5]比较了激光与贝伐单抗治疗DME的疗效,显示安全有效,贝伐单抗组优于激光治疗组。Fong等[6]通过对309例初诊DME患者首次进行玻璃体腔内注射贝伐单抗治疗,并进行2年随访,平均注射次数为3.1次(1~17次),结果显示对于新诊断的DME首次贝伐单抗治疗有30%的患者BCVA显著提高。……
