APP下载

帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松预防化疗所致恶心呕吐失败的危险因素探索

2021-11-24孙博刘丹娜刘勋张二锋马换青赵晓丽陈露孔天东

中国药房 2021年21期
关键词:因素研究

孙博 刘丹娜 刘勋 张二锋 马换青 赵晓丽 陈露 孔天东

中圖分类号 R730.6;R975+.4 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2021)21-2640-07

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.21.14

摘 要 目的:探索可能导致帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松预防化疗所致恶心呕吐(CINV)失败的危险因素,为合理选择和使用预防CINV的药物提供参考。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究,以某三级肿瘤专科医院2016-2020年使用帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松预防CINV的患者871例次为对象,统计患者人口学资料、生活习惯、病史资料、检查信息、治疗信息等32项相关资料作为变量。采用单因素回归、多因素回归、似然比向前或向后逐步回归相结合,对各因素进行综合、多次筛选;将逐步回归筛选出的符合标准的目标因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,并使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)对回归模型进行评价。结果:多因素Logistic回归模型拟合情况良好(ROC中全因素曲线下面积为0.83,筛选后为0.82),共发现具有统计学意义的独立影响因素15项,其中独立危险因素12项,包括营养情况差[OR=2.11,95%CI(1.05,4.22),P=0.036]、有胃肠道疾病史[OR=2.76,95%CI(1.87,4.07),P<0.001]、电解质水平异常[OR=2.54,95%CI(1.74,3.69),P<0.001]、化疗前24 h发生过恶心呕吐[OR=8.47,95%CI(3.28,21.91),P<0.001]、有化疗呕吐史[OR=3.20,95%CI(2.18,4.71),P<0.001]、化疗方案致吐风险等级高[OR=3.16,95%CI(2.38,4.20),P<0.001]、应用阿片类联合非甾体类抗炎药[OR=4.18,95%CI(2.06,8.49),P<0.001]、应用其他刺激肠胃的药物[OR=2.49,95%CI(1.28,4.83),P=0.007]、有手术史[OR=1.88,95%CI(1.34,2.63),P<0.001] 、白蛋白水平高[OR=1.05,95%CI(1.01,1.08),P=0.015] 、单次化疗多日[OR=1.69,95%CI(1.11,2.56),P=0.014] 、应用阿片类止痛药[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.15,2.53),P=0.007];独立保护因素3项,包括确诊时间久[OR=0.65,95%CI(0.46,0.93),P=0.019] 、非首次化疗[OR=0.52,95%CI(0.33,0.83),P=0.006] 、多药联合化疗[OR=0.55,95%CI(0.34,0.90),P=0.018]。结论:单次长时间化疗、应用高致吐风险等级的化疗方案、有化疗呕吐史、有胃肠道疾病史、化疗前24 h出现过恶心呕吐、有手术史、确诊1年以内、首次化疗、应用阿片类药物、应用5-羟色胺3再摄取抑制剂、营养不良、电解质紊乱的患者在采用帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松预防CINV时更易失败。

关键词 帕洛诺司琼;地塞米松;化疗相关恶心呕吐;预防失败;危险因素

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors that may lead to the ineffectiveness of using palonosetron combined with dexamethasone to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), and to provide a reference for the rational choice and use of antiemetic drugs. METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study, 871 patients who used palonosetron combined with dexamethasone to prevent CINV in a tertiary cancer hospital from 2016 to 2020 were selected as the object. Totally 32 related data such as demographic data, living habits, medical history, examination information and treatment information were counted as variables. Combined with single factor regression, multi-factor regression, likelihood ratio forward or backward stepwise regression were used to comprehensively screen the factors for many times. The standard target factors screened by stepwise regression were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the regression model was evaluated by the ROC curve. RESULTS: The multivariate Logistic regression model fitted well (AUC in ROC was 0.83, but 0.82 after screening). The results showed that there were 15 statistically significant independent influential factors, including 12 independent risk factors, ie. poor nutritional status (OR=2.11, 95%CI (1.05,4.22), P=0.036), history of gastrointestinal disease (OR=2.76, 95%CI (1.87, 4.07), P<0.001), abnormal electrolyte level (OR=2.54, 95%CI (1.74, 3.69), P<0.001), nausea and vomiting 24 h before chemotherapy (OR=8.47, 95%CI(3.28, 21.91), P<0.001), history of chemotherapy-induced vomiting (OR=3.20, 95%CI (2.18, 4.71), P<0.001), high risk level of vomiting caused by chemotherapy (OR=3.16, 95%CI(2.38, 4.20), P<0.001), application of opioid combined with non-steroidal analgesics (OR=4.18, 95%CI(2.06, 8.49), P<0.001), the use of other drugs that stimulate the intestine and stomach (OR=2.49, 95%CI(1.28, 4.83), P=0.007), history of surgery (OR=1.88, 95%CI(1.34, 2.63), P<0.001), high level of albumin (OR=1.05, 95%CI(1.01, 1.08), P=0.015), multiple days of single chemotherapy (OR=1.69, 95%CI(1.11, 2.56), P=0.014), and opioid analgesia medicine (OR=1.71, 95%CI(1.15, 2.53), P=0.007); and the following 3 independent protective factors included long time of diagnosis (OR=0.65, 95%CI(0.46, 0.93), P=0.019), non-first chemotherapy (OR=0.52, 95%CI(0.33, 0.83), P=0.006), and drugs combined chemotherapy (OR=0.55, 95%CI(0.34, 0.90), P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with the following conditions are more likely to experience CINV prevention ineffectiveness, ie. single long-term chemotherapy, application of chemotherapy plan with a higher risk of emesis, history of chemotherapy-induced vomiting, history of gastrointestinal diseases, nausea and vomiting 24 hours prior to chemotherapy, history of surgery, within 1 year of diagnosis, chemotherapy for the first time, use of opioids, use of 5-HT3 reuptake inhibitors, malnutrition and electrolyte disorders.

KEYWORDS   Palonosetron; Dexamethasone; CINV; Prevention failure; Risk factors

化疗所致恶心呕吐(chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,CINV)是化疗最常见的不良反应。在化疗时,CINV是一种令人畏惧的伴随症状,也是导致化疗患者依从性降低的主要原因[1]。因此,有效预防CINV对于化疗患者具有重要的临床意义。中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)指南推荐以5-羟色胺3(5-HT3)受体拮抗剂联合地塞米松为基础方案对CINV进行预防[2]。帕洛诺司琼作为第二代5-HT3受体拮抗剂,具有长效、高选择性等特点,在5-HT3受体拮抗剂联合地塞米松的方案中,帕洛诺司琼相对于其他短效5-HT3受体拮抗剂效果更好[3-4]。……

登录APP查看全文

猜你喜欢

因素研究
腹部胀气的饮食因素
FMS与YBT相关性的实证研究
四大因素致牛肉价小幅回落
食品安全的影响因素与保障措施探讨
2020年国内翻译研究述评
群众路线是百年大党成功之内核性制度因素的外在表达
辽代千人邑研究述论
视错觉在平面设计中的应用与研究
EMA伺服控制系统研究
新版C-NCAP侧面碰撞假人损伤研究