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何首乌主要成分的肝毒性及其对药物代谢酶的影响

2021-11-24郑晓媛余志杰王璇周世文

中国药房 2021年21期

郑晓媛 余志杰 王璇 周世文

中圖分类号 R285.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2021)21-2619-05

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.21.10

摘 要 目的:研究何首乌主要成分的肝毒性,并基于代谢酶探讨其毒性机制。方法:采用ADMETlab 2.0平台预测何首乌的5种主要成分大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、二苯乙烯苷、没食子酸对肝、皮肤、心脏等的毒性或致癌作用,并评估这些成分对细胞色素P450酶系(CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP3A4)的影响;检测不同浓度(10、20、40、80 μmol/L)的大黄素、大黄酸、二苯乙烯苷、没食子酸对人正常肝细胞L02存活率的影响;以胆红素为底物,采用体外反应体系考察何首乌主要成分对葡糖醛酸基转移酶1家族多肽A1(UGT1A1)活性的影响。结果:何首乌主要成分大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、没食子酸对肝的毒性作用均较强。大黄素、大黄素甲醚对CYP1A2的抑制作用较强,对CYP2C9、CYP2D6、CYP3A4的抑制作用为中等;大黄酸对CYP1A2、CYP2C9的抑制作用为中等,二苯乙烯苷和没食子酸对上述各酶的抑制作用均较弱。大黄素(40、80 μmol/L)和没食子酸(40、80   μmol/L)均可显著降低L02细胞的存活率(P<0.01)。5、10、20、40、80 μmol/L的大黄素和没食子酸(5 μmol/L的大黄素除外)对UGT1A1酶的抑制率均显著升高(P<0.01),大黄素对UGT1A1酶的抑制作用为可逆的竞争性抑制。结论:何首乌主要成分大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚等具有肝毒性,其作用机制可能与抑制CYP1A2、CYP2C9活性以及竞争性抑制胆红素代谢限速酶UGT1A1的活性有关。

关键词 何首乌;大黄素;二苯乙烯苷;大黄酸;没食子酸;细胞色素P450酶;葡糖醛酸酶;肝毒性

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE: To study the hepatotoxicity of main components of Polygonum multiflorum, and investigate its toxic mechanism based on metabolic enzymes. METHODS: ADMETlab 2.0 platform was used to forecast the toxic or carcinogenic effects of emodin, physcion, rhein, stilbene glycoside and gallic acid on liver, skin and heart. The effects of those components on cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4) were evaluated. The effects of different concentrations of emodin, rhein, stilbene glycoside and gallic acid (10, 20, 40, 80 μmol/L) on the survival rate of normal hepatocyte L02 were detected. The effects of major components of P. multiflorum on the activity of UGT1A1 enzyme were studied by in vitro reaction system, using bilirubin as substrate. RESULTS: Main components of P. multiflorum, ie. emodin, physcion, rhein and gallic acid, showed strong toxic effects on the liver, while stilbene glycosides possessed weak toxic effects on the liver. Emodin and physcion had strong inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and medium inhibitory effects on CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4; rhein showed medium inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, while stilbene glycoside and gallic acid possessed weak inhibitory effects on the above enzymes. Emodin (40, 80 μmol/L) and gallic acid (40, 80 μmol/L) could significantly reduce the survival rate of L02 cells (P<0.01). The inhibition rate of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol/L emodin and gallic acid (except for 5      μmol/L emodin) on UGT1A1 enzyme increased significantly (P<0.01), and the inhibition effect of emodin on UGT1A1 enzyme was reversible competitive inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: The main components of P. multiflorum, ie. emodin, rhein and physcion, are hepatotoxic; the mechanism of it may be associated with inhibiting the activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 and competitively blocking rate-limiting enzyme UGT1A1 in the process of bilirubin metabolism.

KEYWORDS   Polygonum multiflorum; Emodin; Stilbene glycosides; Rhein; Gallic acid; Cytochrome P450 enzyme; Glucuronidase; Hepatotoxicity

随着人类生活方式和使用中药的目的、方式发生改变,中药的安全性问题日益凸显,既往认为“补益养身”的何首乌及其制剂引起的肝损伤也屡见报道[1]。何首乌为蓼科植物何首乌Polygonum multliflorum Thunb.的干燥块根,具有抗衰老、降血脂、抗癌、抗炎、促进免疫调节、保护神经等作用[2];但也有相关研究发现,何首乌提取物可能导致肝毒性、肾毒性和胚胎毒性[3]。

研究发现,何首乌的主要成分有二苯乙烯苷、蒽……

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