赵新红 孙超 王莹 肖旭 刘振华

[摘要] 目的 對该院2017—2019年新生儿肠外营养进行调查分析，以期对后续工作的改进提供参考。 方法 对该院2017—2019年新生儿肠外营养的临床资料进行回顾性分析，共890例，记为A组，调查其基本情况、疾病类型、肠外营养处方;另根据配对原则回顾性分析同时间段内相近情况且未接受肠内与肠外营养支持治疗的新生儿临床资料，共890例，记为B组。比较两组新生儿一般资料与体质量增长速度、住院时间。 结果 收治的两组新生儿2018年比例最高;男性、早产儿、极低出生体质量、低出生体质量比例也较高;出生日龄为0～26 d，中位数为5 d;新生儿肺透明膜病、胎粪吸入综合征、新生儿窒息、缺血缺氧性脑病、颅内出血、肠衰竭、坏死性小肠结肠炎、吞咽综合征等均是常见的疾病类型;A组新生儿肠外营养使用时间范围为2～22 d，中位数为7 d;肠外营养处方中含有氨基酸、葡萄糖、脂肪乳、电解质、维生素、甘油磷酸钠、多种微量元素等营养元素，其中Ca2+浓度、总能量平均值均高于正常范围;A组与B组一般资料比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），A组体质量增长速度快于B组，住院时间短于B组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 新生儿肠外营养处方组成复杂，且肠外营养可促进体质量增长、缩短住院时间，但仍存在部分不合理之处有待改进。

[关键词] 新生儿;肠外营养;处方;预后

[中图分类号] R459.3          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）25-0155-05

Investigation and analysis on parenteral nutrition of neonates in a hospital from 2017 to 2019

ZHAO Xinhong   SUN Chao   WANG Ying   XIAO Xu   LIU Zhenhua

Department of Pharmacy， Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University， Chengde   067000， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate and analyze the parenteral nutrition of neonates in our hospital from 2017 to 2019， in order to provide reference for the improvement of the follow-up work. Methods The clinical data of parenteral nutrition of 890 neonates in our hospital from 2017 to 2019 was retrospectively analyzed and these neonates were recorded as group A， whose basic conditions， disease types， and parenteral nutrition prescriptions were investigated. Meanwhile， the clinical data of 890 neonates with similar conditions who did not receive enteral and parenteral nutrition support treatment in the same time period were also retrospectively analyzed according to the matching principle， and these neonates were recorded as group B. The general data， body weight growth rate， and length of stay were compared between the two groups. Results The admitted neonates in both groups showed the highest proportion in 2018， and the proportions of male neonate， premature delivery， neonates with very low birth weight and low birth weight were also high. The age at birth ranged from 0 to 26 d， with a median of 5 d. The neonatal pulmonary hyaline membrane disease， meconium aspiration syndrome， neonatal asphyxia， ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy， intracranial hemorrhage， intestinal failure， necrotizing enterocolitis， and swallowing syndrome were common types of diseases. The duration of parenteral nutrition use in group A of neonates ranged from 2 to 22 d， with a median of 7 d. The parenteral nutrition prescriptions contained amino acids， glucose， fat emulsion， electrolytes， vitamins， sodium glycerophosphate， multiple trace elements and other nutrients， of which Ca2+ level and average total energy were higher than the normal range. There was no statistically significant difference in general data between group A and group B （P>0.05）. However， the body weight growth rate of neonates in group A was faster than that in group B， and the length of stay of neonates in group A was shorter than that in group B， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）. Conclusion The composition of parenteral nutrition prescriptions for neonates is complex， and parenteral nutrition can promote the growth of body weight and shorten the length of stay， but there are still some unreasonable points to be improved.

[Key words] Neonates; Parenteral nutrition; Prescriptions; Prognosis

肠外营养是临床常用的一种营养支持方式，主要是指从静脉内供给营养，在手术前后、危重患者、早产和重症新生儿中均常用[1-2]。调查显示[3]，我国住院患者中营养不良占比为40%～50%，而在胃肠、脑部疾病及肿瘤患者中营养不良占比为40%～80%，在ICU患者中有40%～100%的患者存在不同程度的营养不良，可知我国住院患者对营养支持治疗的需求较大。另有……