乳腺癌诊断技术的研究进展
2021-11-04韩肖骅汪洁
韩肖骅 汪洁
摘 要 乳腺癌的发病率逐年增高,对女性身心健康造成严重影响,引起社会广泛关注。改善乳腺癌预后的根本在于早期诊断、早期治疗。乳腺超声、钼靶、CT和MRI等影像學检查手段在乳腺癌的早期诊断中发挥了重要的作用。随着分子生物学的发展,众多分子标志物被发现对于乳腺癌的早期诊断更具临床意义,并有良好的应用前景。全文综述乳腺癌的诊断技术,希望给临床医生提供参考。
关键词 乳腺癌;诊断;标志物
中图分类号:R737 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)20-0003-06
Research progress of breast cancer diagnosis technology
HAN Xiaohua1, WANG Jie2
(1.Department of General Surgery of Central Hospital of Jingan District, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; 2.Department of Breast Surgery of Tongren Hospital of School of Medicine, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China)
ABSTRACT The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year, which has a serious impact on womens physical and mental health and has aroused widespread concern in the society. Improvement of the prognosis of breast cancer lies in early diagnosis and early treatment. Imaging methods such as breast ultrasound, mammography, CT and MRI have played an important role in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. With the development of molecular biology, many molecular markers have been found to have more clinical significance for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and have a good application prospect. This article reviews the diagnostic techniques of breast cancer to hope to provide a reference for clinicians.
KEY WORDS breast cancer; diagnosis; biomarker
世界卫生组织发布的2018年全球癌症发病率和死亡率显示,女性乳腺癌新发病例208.9万,死亡病例62.7万,均为第一[1]。在我国,乳腺癌发病率呈快速上升趋势[2]。2018年,我国乳腺癌新发病例36.8万,为女性恶性肿瘤第1位,死亡病例9.8万,为女性恶性肿瘤第4位[3]。对于女性的身心健康造成极大危害,引起广泛社会关注。早期诊断、有效监测、精准治疗是改善预后,提高生活质量的关键[4]。
在乳腺疾病的常规诊疗中,临床医生的乳房触诊查体依然是乳腺癌筛查的手段之一,该法简单易行、方便经济,但主观性强,有一定的遗漏率,对于直径小于1 cm的早期乳腺癌检出率较低[5]。随着更多辅助诊断技术的进步,尤其是分子生物学的发展,给乳腺癌的早期诊断带来了飞速进步[6]。本文就乳腺癌诊断技术进行分析总结,给临床医生提供参考和选择。
1 影像学诊断技术
乳腺癌的影像学检查主要包括乳腺钼靶X线检查、乳腺超声检查、CT、MRI、PET-CT等,是乳腺癌影像学诊断的主要依据。……
